Study of Neck Circumference as a Measure of Obesity in South-Eastern Nigerian Population
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17140/ANTPOJ-3-116Keywords:
Neck circumference, Obesity, Body mass index, Anambra State, NigeriaAbstract
Introduction
Obesity is one of the key risk factors in the development of cardiometabolic diseases, including coronary heart disease, diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia.
Objectives
The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between neck circumference (NC) with body mass index (BMI) and also with other anthropometric parameter in the assessment of obesity in the study population.
Materials and Methods
This study was conducted in the major towns (Nnewi, Onitsha, and Awka) of Anambra state, Nigeria. The study population included a total number of 402 subjects (199 males and 203 females) of Igbo origin, within the age of 18-45-years. Anthropometric parameters were obtained using standard anthropometric methods.
Results
The result showed that the mean neck circumference in males was significantly higher than in females. Pearson’s correlation showed that NC had very significant positive correlation with body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio for both the males and the females (p≤0.05). The strongest correlation was found between NC and BMI, followed by waist circumference (WC).
Conclusion
NC is a potential, inexpensive, cost-effective, easily measured clinical screening tool for evaluating central (regional) obesity and therefore, will be of importance to Clinicians, and Epidemiologists in the diagnosis/treatment of obesity and in forensic investigation.
References
Klein S, Allison DB, Heymsfield SB, et al. Waist circumference and cardiometabolic risk: A consensus statement from shaping America's health: Association for weight management and obesity prevention; NAASO, the obesity society; the American Society for nutrition; and the American diabetes association. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007; 85(5): 1197-1202. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/85.5.1197
Cornier MA, Després JP, Davis N, et al. Assessing adiposity: A scientific statement from the American heart association. Circula-tion. 2011; 124: 1996-2019. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0b013e318233bc6a
World Health Organization WHO. Obesity: Preventing and managing the global epidemic. Report of a WHO Consultation. WHO Technical Report Series. 2000. 16 Ukoha U, et al
Adeogun JO, Setonji NA, Owoyemi IO. Assessment of body weight status of lagos state university staff school pupils using body mass index. Ghana Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recre-ation, Sports and Dance (GJOHPERSD). 2010; 2 (1): 74-80.
Micklesfield LK, Goedecke JH, Punyanitya M, Wilson KE, Kel-ly TL. Dual-energy X-ray performs as well as clinical computed tomography for the measurement of visceral fat. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2012; 20(5): 1109-1114. doi: 10.1038/oby.2011.367
Wells JCK, Fewtrell MS. Measuring body composition. Arch Dis Child. 2006; 91(7): 612-617. doi: 10.1136%2Fadc.2005.085522
Joshipura K, Munoz-Torres F, Palacios C, Perez MC. Neck cir-cumference may be a better alternative to standard anthropometric measures. J Diabetes Res. 2016. doi: 10.1155/2016/6058916
Atef A, Ibraham A, Hassan NE, Sahar A, Elashry GI. Neck Circumference as a novel screening method for estimation of fat distribution and metabolic complications in obese children. Egyp-tian Pediatric Association Gazette. 2015; 63: 91-97. doi: 10.1016/j. epag.2015.09.001
Ekezie J, Danborno B. Spousal similarities and differences in physical and cultural traits among the Igbo ethnic group in Nigeria. The Internet Journal of Biological Anthropology. 2007; 1(2).
Ifeoma FO, Musa SC, Nathan ID. Body mass index and fat composition of Igbo women in Maiduguri, Nigeria. Nova Journal of Medical and Biological Sciences. 2017; 6 (2): 1-5. doi: 10.20286/nova-jmbs-060204
Van-Pelt RE, Evans EM, Schechtman KB, Ehsani AA, Kohrt WM. Waist circumference vs. body mass index for prediction of disease risk in postmenopausal women. Int J Obes Relat Metab Dis-ord. 2001; 25(8): 1183-1188. doi: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0801640
Clinical guidelines on the identification, evaluation, and treat-ment of overweight and obesity in adults: Executive summary. Ex-pert panel on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of over-weight in adults. Am J Clin Nutr. 1998; 68: 899-917. doi: 10.1093/ ajcn/68.4.899
Walton C, Lees B, Crook D, et al. Body fat distribution rather than overall adiposity influences serum lipids and lipoproteins in healthy men independently of age. Am J Med. 1995; 99(5): 459-464
Kissebah AH, Krakower GR. Regional adiposity and mor-bidity. Physiol Rev. 1994; 74(4): 761-811. doi: 10.1152/phys-rev.1994.74.4.761
Anyanwu GE. Ekezie J, Danborno B, Ugochukwu AI. Thigh circumference; an index for accessing cardiovascular disease risk in the Igbos of Nigeria. Aust J Basic & Appl Sci. 2011; 5(9): 61-67.
Ben-Noun L, Sohar E, Loar A. Neck circumference as a simple Original Research | Volume 3 | Number 1| screening measure for identifying overweight and obese patients. Obes Res. 2001; 9: 470-477. doi: 10.1038/oby.2001.61
Sjöström CD, Håkangård AC, Lissner L, Sjöström L. Body compartment and subcutaneous adipose tissue distribution-risk factor patterns in obese subjects. Obes Res. 1995; 3: 9-22.
Igbo Community in Nigeria and Africa. Website: https:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Igbo_Community_in_Nigeria_and_ Africa.svg. Accessed August 30, 2018.
Prezi. Website: https://encryptedtbn0.gstatic.com/images?q =tbn:ANd9GcTkbx_3U6SD182Bh0fVDThW5xQ6kIEpKOorc-0QD9bhS3W-L5kt. Accessed August 30, 2018.
Vanguard. Website: https://www.google.com.ng/ imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vanguardngr. com%2Fwp-content%2Fuplo. Accessed August 30, 2018.
Jagadamba A, Sumit G, Karthiyanee K, Vinutha S. Neck cir-cumference as an Anthropometric measure of obesity in diabetics. N Am J Med Sci. 2013; 5(1): 28-31. doi: 10.4103/1947-2714.106188
Lohman TG. Anthropometric Standardization Reference Manual: Abridged Edition. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics Books. 1988; 28-80.
Ekezie J, Adebisi SS, Danborno SB. The effect of marital sta-tus and self-reported physical exercise on the adiposity and blood pressure of the igbos of Nigeria. Internet Journal of Medical Update. 2009; 4(1): 7-14.
Ekezie J, Anyanwu EG, Danborno B, Anthony U. Impact of urbanization on obesity, anthropometric profile and blood pres-sure in the Igbos of Nigeria. North Am J Med Sci. 2011; 3: 242-246. doi: 10.4297/najms.2011.3242
Anyanwu GE, Ekezie J, Danborno B, Ugochukwu AI. Body size and adiposity indicators and their relationship with blood pres-sure levels in Ibos of Nigeria. Niger J Med. 2011; 20(1): 44-51.
Welborn TA, Dhaliwal SS, Bennet SA. Waist-hip ratio is the dominant risk factor predicting cardiovascular death in Australia. Med J Aust. 2003; 179(11-12): 580-585.
Janssen I, Heymsfield SB, Allison DB, Kotler DP, Ross R. Body mass index and waist circumference independently contrib-Submit your article to this journal | https://openventio.org/submit-manuscript/ Original Research | Volume 3 | Number 1| Ukoha U, et al ute to the prediction of nonabdominal, abdominal subcutaneous, and visceral fat. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002; 75: 683-688. doi: 10.1093/ ajcn/75.4.683
Preis SR, Massaro JM., Hoffmann U, et al. Neck circumfer-ence as a novel measure of cardiometabolic risk: The Framingham heart study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010; 95(8): 3701-3710. doi: 10.1210/jc.2009-1779
Wang J, Thornton JC, Bari S, et al. Comparisons of waist cir-cumferences measured at 4 sites. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003; 77: 379- 384. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/77.2.379
Flegal KM. Waist circumference of healthy men and women in the United States. Int J Obes (London). 2007; 31(7): 1134-1139. doi: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803566
Adamu LH, Asuku AY, Taura MG, et al. Neck circumference: An upcoming tool of adiposity indices. Nigeria Journal of Basic Clini-cal Science. 2013; 10: 82-85. doi: 10.4103/0331-8540.122766
Aswathappa J, Garg S, Kutty K, Shankar K. Utility of neck cir-cumference, a simple and novel measure as anthropometric marker of obesity in adults. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sci-ences. 2014; 3(3): 1618-1629.
Raimi TH, Odusan O, Olufemi F. High prevalence of central obesity in rural South-Western Nigeria: Need for targeted preven-tion. Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology. 2015; 6(3): 12-18. doi: 10.5897/JDE2015.008
Yang GR, Yuan SY, Fu HJ, et al. Neck circumference positively related with central obesity, overweight, and metabolic syndrome in Chinese subjects with type 2 diabetes: Beijing Community dia-betes study 4. Diabetes Care. 2010; 33: 2465-2467. doi: 10.2337/ dc10-0798
Moazezi Z, Mahdizadeh H, Pooshani A. Neck circumference as a novel anthropometric value for diagnosis of metabolic syn-drome and obesity in patients with diabetes. Br J Med Med Res. 2016; 13(3): 1-8.
Onat A, Hergenc G, Yuksel H, et al. Neck circumference as a measure of central obesity: associations with metabolic syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome beyond waist circumfer-ence.. Clin Nutr. 2009; 28(1): 46-51. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2008.10.006
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
All content published in Anthropology is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). This license allows anyone to copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt the work — including for commercial purposes — provided appropriate credit is given to the original author(s) and source.
