Regional Cancer Center, Trivandrum 695011, IndiaIndia
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Prostate cancer is the commonest cancer in USA and most European Countries and is the 2nd commonest cancer among males globally. An estimated 1.1 million men worldwide were diagnosed with prostate cancer in 2012, accounting for 15% of the cancers diagnosed in men. Incidence of this disease varies more than 25-fold worldwide; the rates are highest in Australia/New Zealand and Northern America (ASR 111.6 and 97.2 per 100,000 respectively), and in Western and Northern Europe, because the practice of prostate specific antigen (PSA) testing and subsequent biopsy has become widespread in those regions.
CANCER STUDIES AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE ISSN 2377-1518 http://dx.doi.org/10.17140/CSMMOJ-3-e003 Open Journal Editorial Prostate Cancer Trends in Developing * *Corresponding author Countries Francis V. James, MD Uro Oncology Clinic Regional Cancer Center * Trivandrum 695011, India Aleyamma Mathew, PhD; Francis V. James, MD* Tel. +919847189270 E-mail: fvjames9@gmail.com Regional Cancer Center, Trivandrum 695011, India Volume 3 : Issue 1 Article Ref. #: 1000CSMMOJ3e003 Prostate cancer is the commonest cancer in USA and most European Countries and nd is the 2nd commonest cancer among males globally. An estimated 1.1 million men worldwide Article History were diagnosed with prostate cancer in 2012, accounting for 15% of the cancers diagnosed th Received: September 7th, 2016 in men. Incidence of this disease varies more than 25-fold worldwide; the rates are highest in th Accepted: September 8th, 2016 Australia/New Zealand and Northern America (ASR 111.6 and 97.2 per 100,000 respectively), th Published: September 14th, 2016 and in Western and Northern Europe, because the practice of prostate specific antigen (PSA) testing and subsequent biopsy has become widespread in those regions.1 Citation Low incidence rates (<20 per 100,000) have been reported in most of the developing Mathew A, James FV. Pros- countries including India (Figures 1a and 1b). However, incidence of this disease has shown tate cancer trends in develop- ing countries. Cancer Stud Mol increasing trends in some developing countries.2 A few developing countries such as Brazil, Med Open J. 2016; 3(1): e1-e2. Ecuador, Costa Ricain South America, the rates are almost similar to the rates in USA (Table doi: 10.17140/CSMMOJ-3-e003 1 1). Among men residing in USA, Indians and Pakistanis have found to have increasing trend of Prostate cancer.3 Even though, the rates are less than 10 (per 100,000) in India, increasing trends have been reported in a few areas such as Delhi, Kolkatta, Pune, and Mumbai.4 In India, the highest rate has been observed in Trivandrum Taluk, South India (Figure 1b). In Trivan- drum, it is the second common cancer among males and increasing trends in incidence has been observed (Figures 2a and 2b) (unpublished data).
a. Developing countries (other than India) b. Indian registries
Developing countries 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Brazil 112.6 159.4 177.4 186.7 157.1 Copyright Colombia 72.0 64.5 63.0 69.4 66.1 ©2016 James FV. This is an open Ecuador 50.3 49.4 49.1 57.7 66.4 access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Costa Rica 57.5 55.1 52.1 51.5 53.2 International License (CC BY 4.0), China 12.0 14.0 13.8 14.4 15.5 which permits unrestricted use, dis- tribution, and reproduction in any Thailand 6.3 5.8 6.6 5.7 6.2 medium, provided the original work Uganda 35.4 41.1 34.8 54.3 43.8 is properly cited.
Incidence rates (ASR) of prostate cancer in some developing countries (2003-2007).1 Table 1: CANCER STUDIES AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE ISSN 2377-1518 http://dx.doi.org/10.17140/CSMMOJ-3-e003 Open Journal a. #, CR & ASR b. ASpR
Source: Personal communication This indicated that an epidemiologic transition in prostate cancer pattern is taking place in developing countries and are changing to more similar to “western” jurisdictions. This change is worth studying as it is a quick transition. The well known risk factor for getting prostate cancer is age.5 There has been a steady increase in longevity of people living in this part of the country and this could partly explain the phenomenon. Also opportunistic screening by people belonging to higher economic strata leads to higher diagnosis. What would be more interesting is to learn about life-style changes particularly dietary changes occurring in developing countries as traditional food patterns could have been protective.
CONFLICTS OF INTEREST The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.