The Potential Role of Systemic Calcium in Periodontal Disease

Abstract

Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the supporting structures of the tooth. While it is due to the interaction between a bacterial infection and host response, other factors such as genetics, diet and lifestyle choices are thought to contribute to the disease progression. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body. It is found in food, dietary supplements and some medications. There are many claims made as to calcium’s health benefits. Both vitamin D and calcium are known to promote bone health and periodontal disease affects the alveolar bone. This paper reviews several studies have been conducted to determine
if there are beneficial effects of the role of calcium in the risk and progression of periodontal disease. Studies looked at calcium intake, calcium in combination with periodontal maintenance or the effect of the levels of calcium in relation to periodontal disease. Intake of calcium was significantly and inversely associated with periodontal disease. This was in agreement with studies by several groups of researchers. Periodontal maintenance helps to maintain the effects of active periodontal therapy. Studies suggest that calcium supplementation be part of the periodontal maintenance. Other studies looked that decreased level of calcium may be a risk factor for the development of periodontal disease. While many studies have shown a beneficial effect, the complete role of calcium in the prevention or progression of periodontal disease still needs further research. Eventually, calcium may be added to the list of possible treatment supplementation for periodontal disease. The objectives of this review article will shade light on the relationship of calcium intake with the possible risk and progression of periodontal disease.