Hypertriglyceridemia-Induced Pancreatitis: A Case Report and Literature Review

Abstract

Hypertriglyceridemia is the third most common cause of acute pancreatitis. It typically occurs in patients with an underlying disorder of lipoprotein metabolism and the presence of a secondary condition. The risk and severity of acute pancreatitis increase with increasing levels of serum triglycerides. This case presents an atypical clinical presentation and one of the highest serum triglyceride levels ever reported. The early recognition of hypertriglyceridemia-induced acute pancreatitis can be complex due to lab interferences but is essential for appropriate management and prevention of recurrence. There is currently no approved treatment guideline available for managing hypertriglyceridemia-induced pancreatitis. Therefore, a literature review was performed. The initial management of hypertriglyceridemia-induced acute pancreatitis includes the treatment of acute pancreatitis with moderate fluid resuscitation, pain control, and nutritional support. The goal is to prevent necrotizing pancreatitis and organ failure by reducing serum triglyceride levels. Specific acute treatment options include insulin therapy, heparin therapy, plasmapheresis, and hemofiltration. Individual therapy should be tailored to each patient and their clinical condition. Diet and lifestyle modification, along with hypolipidemic drugs, prevent further episodes.