Internal Medicine · Vol. 4, No. 1 · 2020 · pp. 13–15 · e-ISSN 2572-9233

Leg Ulcer in Patient with Sickle Cell Disease on Hydroxyurea

Jaya Manjunath, Fnu Nutan

George Washington University School of Medicine,Washington, DC 20052, USAUnited States
Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Dermatology,Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, P. O. Box 980102, Richmond,VA 23298, USAUnited States

DOI: https://doi.org/10.17140/imoj-4-114 · Published 2020-09-21 · Licence: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 · © 2020 The Author(s)

Abstract

Leg ulcers are a painful side-effect commonly seen in patients with long-term use of hydroxyurea. We describe an ulcer in a patient with sickle cell disease (SCD) with an 8-year history of hydroxyurea use. Wound care team used cadexomer-iodine topical and collagenase to aid in healing. There are limited options for the treatment of these ulcers beside the cessation of hydroxyurea, a very effective drug in reducing painful sickle cell episodes. It is imperative to be aware of this complication to prevent expensive tests and further work up. Future study into alternative treatment of hydroxyurea-induced leg ulcers for sickle cell patients is necessary.

Keywords: Leg Ulcer; Sickle cell disease (SCD); Hydroxyurea

Acknowledgements

None to declare.

Financial Disclosure Or Funding

None to declare.

Conflicts Of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

References

  1. ChakravortySWilliamsTN. Sickle cell disease: A neglected chronic disease of increasing global health importance. Arch Dis Child. 2015; 100(1): 48-53. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2013-30377310.1136/archdischild-2013-303773 https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2013-303773
  2. StrouseJJHeeneyMM. Hydroxyurea for the treatment of sickle cell disease: Efficacy, barriers, toxicity, and management in children. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2012; 59(2): 365-371. doi: 10.1002/pbc.24178 Figure 1. Unilateral Ulcer Intern Med Open J. 2020; 4(1): 13-15. doi: 10.17140/IMOJ-4-114 Nutan F et al10.1002/pbc.24178 https://doi.org/10.1002/pbc.24178
  3. AgrawalRKPatelRKNainiwalLTrivediB. Hydroxyurea in sickle cell disease: Drug review. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus. 2014; 30(2): 91-96. doi: 10.1007/s12288-013-0261-410.1007/s12288-013-0261-4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12288-013-0261-4
  4. AultA. US FDA approves first drug for sickle-cell anaemia. The Lancet. 1998; 351(9105): 809. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)78941-810.1016/s0140-6736(05)78941-8 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)78941-8
  5. CokicVPSmithRDBeleslin-CokicBBNjorogeJMMillerJLGladwinMT. Hydroxyurea induces fetal hemoglobin by the nitric oxide–dependent activation of soluble guanylyl cyclase. J. Clin. 2003 Jan 15;111(2):231-239. doi: 10.1172/JCI1667210.1172/jci16672 https://doi.org/10.1172/jci16672
  6. QuattroneFDiniVBarbaneraSZerbinatiNRomanelliM. Cutaneous ulcers associated with hydroxyurea therapy. J Tissue Viability. 2013; 22(4): 112-121. doi: 10.1016/j.jtv.2013.08.00210.1016/j.jtv.2013.08.002 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtv.2013.08.002
  7. RomanelliMDiniVRomanelliP. Hydroxyurea-induced leg ulcers treated with a protease-modulating matrix. Arch Dermatol. 2007; 143(10): 1310-1313. doi: 10.1001/archderm.143.10.131010.1001/archderm.143.10.1310 https://doi.org/10.1001/archderm.143.10.1310
  8. BrawleyOWCorneliusLJEdwardsLRGambleVNGreenBLInturrisiC. National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference statement: Hydroxyurea treatment for sickle cell disease. Ann Intern Med. 2008; 148(12): 932-938. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-148-12-200806170-0022010.7326/0003-4819-148-12-200806170-00220 https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-148-12-200806170-00220
  9. SirieixMEDebureCBaudotNDubertretLRouxMEMorelP. Leg ulcers and hydroxyurea: Forty-one cases. Arch Dermatol. 1999; 135(7): 818-820. doi: 10.1001/archderm.135.7.81810.1001/archderm.135.7.818 https://doi.org/10.1001/archderm.135.7.818
  10. SinghAXuYJ. The Cell killing mechanisms of hydroxyurea. Genes (Basel). 2016; 7(11): 99. doi: 10.3390/genes711009910.3390/genes7110099 https://doi.org/10.3390/genes7110099
  11. RahalJAIshakRSOtrockZKMaakaronJEGhosnSTaherAT. Successful management of hydroxyurea-induced leg ulcers in essential thrombocythemia: Report of 3 cases. Turk J Haematol. 2013; 30(2): 184-187. doi: 10.4274/Tjh.2012.013410.4274/tjh.2012.0134 https://doi.org/10.4274/tjh.2012.0134
  12. BoydASNeldnerKH. Hydroxyurea therapy. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1991; 25(3): 518-524. doi: 10.1016/0190-9622(91)70233-r10.1016/0190-9622(91)70233-r https://doi.org/10.1016/0190-9622(91)70233-r
  13. MinnitiCPEckmanJSebastianiPSteinbergMHBallasSK. Leg ulcers in sickle cell disease. Am J Hematol. 2010; 85(10): 831- 833. doi: 10.1002/ajh.2183810.1002/ajh.21838 https://doi.org/10.1002/ajh.21838
  14. AkinciBYesilSAtabeyAIlgezdiS. Hydroxyurea associated leg ulcer succesfully treated with hyperbaric oxygen in a diabetic patient. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2007; 115(02): 143-145. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-95616410.1055/s-2007-956164 https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-956164
  15. MéryLGirotRAractingiS. Topical effectiveness of molgramostim (GM-CSF) in sickle cell leg ulcers. Dermatology. 2004; 208(2): 135-137. doi: 10.1159/000076487 15Case Report | Volume 4 | Number 1| Submit your article to this journal | https://openventio.org/submit-manuscript/10.1159/000076487 https://doi.org/10.1159/000076487