Re-evaluating the Optimal Exercise for the Critical Peri and Postmenopausal Years
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17140/OROJ-6-e014Keywords:
sarcopenia, physiologicalAbstract
Menopause is characterized by marked changes in the circulating estrogen of the female body.1
As women age, progressively declines in ovarian function lead to a gradual reduction in estrogen secretion that ultimately ceases when menopause is reached.
This transitional time is termed the perimenopausal period and it
occurs approximately within one year of its commencement.2
The
perimenopausal years are crucial for the future health of females
as the observed hormonal alterations can lead to a number of psychophysiological changes that can increase the risk of disease if
not prevented early.2
Specifically, during the perimenopausal years
the diminished concentrations of estrogens, reduce their protective role on health and contribute to significant physiological disturbances.3
Adverse health effects such as reductions in fat-free
mass (sarcopenia), accumulation of body fat and intra-abdominal
visceral fat and associated adverse cardiovascular and metabolic
impairments namely hypertension, atherosclerosis and insulin
resistance are observed.
References
Bacon JL. The menopausal transition. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2017; 44(2): 285-296. doi: 10.1016/j.ogc.2017.02.008
Hale GE, Robertson DM, Burger HG. The perimenopausal woman: endocrinology and management. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2014; 142: 121-131. doi: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.08.015
Van Dijk GM, Kavousi M, Troup J, Franco OH. Health issues for menopausal women: the top 11 conditions have common solutions. Maturitas. 2015; 80(1): 24-30. doi: 10.1016/j.maturi-tas.2014.09.013
Bromberger JT, Schott LL, Kravitz HM, et al. Longitudinal change in reproductive hormones and depressive symptoms across the menopausal transition: Results from the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation (SWAN). Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2010; 67: 598-607. doi: 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.55
De Kruif M, Spijker AT, Molendijk ML. Depression during the perimenopause: A meta-analysis. J Affect Disord. 2016; 206: 174- 180. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.07.040
Gibbs Z, Lee S, Kulkarni J. Factors associated with depression during the perimenopausal transition. Womens Health Issues. 2013; 23(5): e301-e307. doi: 10.1016/j.whi.2013.07.001
Brinton RD, Yao J, Yin F, Mack WJ, Cadenas E. Perimenopause as a neurological transition state. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2015; 11(7): 393-405. doi: 10.1038/nrendo.2015.82
Georgakis MK, Kalogirou EI, Diamantaras AA, et al. Age at menopause and duration of reproductive period in associa-tion with dementia and cognitive function: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2016; 73: 224-243. doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.08.003
Wariso BA, Guerrieri GM, Thompson K, et al. Depression dur-ing the menopause transition: Impact on quality of life, social ad-justment, and disability. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2017; 20(2): 273- 282. doi: 10.1007/s00737-016-0701-x
Kemmler W, Kohl M, von Stengel S. Long-term effects of ex-ercise in postmenopausalwomen: 16-year results of the erlangen fitness and osteoporosis prevention study (EFOPS). Menopause. 2017; 24(1): 45-51. doi: 10.1097/GME.0000000000000720 Editorial | Volume 6 | Number 1| Giannopoulou I
Gao HL, Gao HX, Sun FM, Zhang L. Effects of walking on body composition in perimenopausal and postmenopausal wom-en: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Menopause. 2016; 23(8): 928-934. doi: 10.1097/GME.0000000000000627
Mandrup CM, Egelund J, Nyberg M. Effects of high-intensity training on cardiovascular risk factors in pre-menopausal and post-menopausal women. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2017; 216(4): 384.e1-384. e11. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2016.12.017
Mendoza N, De Teresa C, Cano A, et al. Benefits of physical exercise in postmenopausal women. Maturitas. 2016; 93: 83-88. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2016.04.017
Ross R, Janssen I. Physical activity, total and regional obesity: Dose-response considerations. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001; 33(6 Suppl): S521-S527. doi: 10.1097/00005768-200106001-00023
Bueno-Notivol J, Calvo-Latorre J, Alonso-Ventura V, et al. Ef-fect of programmed exercise on insulin sensitivity in postmeno-pausal women: A systematic review and meta-analysis of random-ized controlled trials. Menopause. 2017; 24(12): 1404-1413. doi: 10.1097/GME.0000000000000936
Cuff DJ, Meneilly GS, Martin A, Ignaszewski A, Tildesley HD, Frohlich JJ. Effective exercise modality to reduce insulin resistance in women with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2003; 26(11): 2977- 2982. doi: 10.2337/diacare.26.11.2977
Giannopoulou I, Ploutz-Snyder LL, Carhart R, et al. Exer-cise is required for visceral fat loss in postmenopausalwomen with type 2 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005; 90(3): 1511-1518. doi: 10.1210/jc.2004-1782
Giannopoulou I, Fernhall B, Carhart R, et al Effects of diet and/or exercise on the adipocytokine and inflammatory cytokine levels of postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes. Metabolism. 2005; 54(7): 866-875. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2005.01.033
Jarrete AP, Novais IP, Nunes HA, Puga GM, Delbin MA, Zanesco A. Influence of aerobic exercise training on cardiovascu-lar and endocrine-inflammatory biomarkers in hypertensive post-menopausal women. J Clin Transl Endocrinol. 2014; 1: 108-114. doi: 10.1016/j.jcte.2014.07.004
Lin YY, Lee SD. Cardiovascular benefits of exercise training in postmenopausal hypertension. Int J Mol Sci. 2018; 19(9). pii: E2523. doi: 10.3390/ijms19092523
Sternfeld B, Dugan S. Physical activity and health during the menopausal transition. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2011; 38(3): 537-566. doi: 10.1016/j.ogc.2011.05.008
Coll-Risco I, Borges-Cosic M, Acosta-Manzano P, Cami-letti-Moirón D, Aranda P, Aparicio VA. Effects of concurrent exercise on cardiometabolic status during perimenopause: the e3 FLAMENCO Project. Climacteric. 2018; 21(6): 559-565. doi: 10.1080/13697137.2018.1526892
Ring-Dimitriou S, Steinbacher P, von Duvillard SP, Kaessmann H, Müller E, Sänger AM. Exercise modality and physical fitness in perimenopausal women. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2009; 105(5): 739-747. doi: 10.1007/s00421-008-0956-7
Zhang J, Chen G, Lu W, et al. Effects of physical exercise on health-related quality of life and blood lipids in perimenopausal women: A randomized placebo-controlled trial. Menopause. 2014; 21(12): 1269-1276. doi: 10.1097/GME.0000000000000264
Wu L, Chen R, Ma D, Zhang S, Walton-Moss B, He Z. Effects of lifestyle intervention improve cardiovascular disease risk factors in community-based menopausal transition and early postmeno-pausal women in China. Menopause. 2014; 21(12): 1263-1268. doi: 10.1097/GME.0000000000000248
Hollekim-Strand SM, Bjørgaas MR, Albrektsen G, Tjønna AE, Wisløff U, Ingul CB. High-intensity intervalexercise effectively im-proves cardiac function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and diastolic dysfunction: A randomized controlled trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014; 64(16): 1758-1760. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.07.971
Keating SE, Johnson NA, Mielke GI, Coombes JS. A system-atic review and meta-analysis of interval training versus moderate-intensity continuous training on body adiposity. Obes Rev. 2017; 18(8): 943-964. doi: 10.1111/obr.12536
Su L, Fu J, Sun S, et al. Effects of HIIT and MICT on car-diovascular risk factors in adults with overweight and/or obesity: A meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2019; 14(1): e0210644. doi: 10.1371/ journal.pone.0210644
Wisløff U, Ellingsen O, Kemi OJ. High-intensity interval train-ing to maximize cardiac benefits of exercise training? Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 2009; 37(3): 139-146. doi: 10.1097/JES.0b013e3181aa65fc
Weston KS, Wisløff U, CoombesJS. High-intensity interval training in patients with lifestyle-induced cardiometabolic disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med. 2014; 48(16): 1227-1234. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2013-092576
Vella CA, Taylor K, Drummer D. High-intensity interval and moderate-intensity continuous training elicit similar enjoyment and adherence levels in overweight and obese adults. Eur J Sport Sci. 2017; 17(9): 1203-1211. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2017.1359679
Grossman JA, Arigo D, Bachman JL. Meaningful weight loss in obese postmenopausal women: a pilot study of high-intensity interval training and wearable technology. Menopause. 2018; 25(4): 465-470. doi: 10.1097/GME.0000000000001013 Submit your article to this journal | https://openventio.org/submit-manuscript/ e4 Giannopoulou I
Maillard F, Rousset S, Pereira B, et al. High-intensity interval training reduces abdominal fat mass in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab. 2016; 42(6): 433-441. doi: 10.1016/j.diabet.2016.07.031
Maillard F, Pereira B, Boisseau N. Effect of high-intensity in-terval training on total, abdominal and visceral fat mass: A meta-analysis. Sports Med. 2018; 48(2): 269-288. doi: 10.1007/s40279- 017-0807-y
Egelund J, Jørgensen PG, Mandrup CM, et al. Cardiac ad-aptations to high-intensity aerobic training in pre-menopausal and recent postmenopausal women: The copenhagen women study. J Am Heart Assoc. 2017; 6(8). pii: e005469. doi: 10.1161/ JAHA.117.005469
Kong Z, Sun S, Liu M, Shi Q. Short-term high-intensity inter-val training on body composition and blood glucose in overweight and obese young women. J Diabetes Res. 2016; 2016: 4073618. doi: 10.1155/2016/4073618
Kotopoulea-Nikolaidi M, Watkins E, Giannopoulou I. Effects of high carbohydrate vs. high protein pre-exercise feedings on psy-chophysiological responses to high intensity interval exercise in overweight perimenopausal women. Front Nutr. 2019; 5: 141. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2018.00141
Talanian JL, Galloway SD, Heigenhauser GJ, Bonen A, Spriet LL. Two weeks of high-intensity aerobic interval training increases the capacity for fat oxidation during exercise in women. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2007; 102(4): 1439-1447. doi: 10.1152/japplphysi-ol.01098.2006
Seidelin K, Nyberg M, Piil P, Jørgensen NR, Hellsten Y, Bangs-bo J. Adaptations with intermittent exercise training in post- and pre-menopausal women. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2017; 49(1): 96-105. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001071
Miszko TA, Cress ME. A lifetime of fitness: Exercise in the perimenopausal and postmenopausal woman. Clin Sports Med. 2000; 19(2): 215-232. doi: 10.1016/S0278-5919(05)70200-3
Panagiotakos D, Pitsavos C, Chrysohoou C, Skoumas J, Stefa-nadis C. Status and management of blood lipids in Greek adults and their socio-demographic, life-style and dietary factors: The ATTICA study. Blood lipid distribution in Greece. Atherosclerosis. 2004; 173(2): 351-361. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2003.12.03
Wisløff U, Støylen A, Loennechen JP, et al. Superior cardio-vascular effect of aerobic interval training versus moderate con-tinuous training in heart failure patients: A randomized study. Circulation. 2007; 115: 3086-3094. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULA-TIONAHA.106.675041
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
All content published in Obesity Research (OR) is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). This license allows anyone to copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt the work — including for commercial purposes — provided appropriate credit is given to the original author(s) and source.
