Role of Oxidative Stress and Associated Alteration in Enzyme Activities in Obesity Comorbidities

Abstract

Obesity is defined as having a body mass index (BMI) of 30 kg/m2
or above, with progressively increasing prevalence all over the world in recent years. Obesity is characterized by
deposition of abnormally increased body fat, resulting from increased energy intake relative
to energy expenditure. The condition is associated with several comorbidities that upsurge risk
of morbidity. The purpose of this review is to describe the role of oxidative stress in release of
pro-inflammatory mediators that influence fat and glucose metabolism and is associated with
altered enzyme activity, which results in insulin resistance and other associated comorbidities.
The main pathology is through intensified generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and
diminution of antioxidant defense, creating a chronic inflammatory situation that is critically
important in development of comorbidities. New strategies to combat resultant comorbidities
concentrate on weight reduction either solely or coupled with moderately regular exercise. This
policy may be sufficient to improve insulin sensitivity, regulate fatty acid metabolism together
with refining antioxidant defense of the body. Other approaches encourage modulation of dietary pattern through dietary supplements as vitamins, with or without pharmaceutical antioxidants, which may provide a potential therapeutics approach in obesity comorbidities