Agreement Between Methods to Determine Procedure for Maximal Exhalation During Hydrostatic Weighing: A Methodological Investigation

Crossmark: check for updates

Authors

  • Claire Mills Department of Applied Sciences, University of Gloucestershire, Gloucester GL2 9HW, UK
  • Mark De Ste Croix Department of Sports and Exercise, University of Gloucestershire, Gloucester GL2 9HW, UK
  • David James Department of Sports and Exercise, University of Gloucestershire, Gloucester GL2 9HW, UK

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17140/SEMOJ-3-143

Keywords:

Hydrostatic weighing, Maximal exhalation technique, Methods;, Measurement error

Abstract

Introduction: Current evidence suggests that there are many contentious issues that can significantly impact upon hydrostatic weighing assessments, for instance, obtaining reliable and precise data values within the testing environment. Whilst some researchers have addressed some of these issues, but there is still much uncertainty and significant challenges in terms of the procedure for maximal exhalation during hydrostatic weighing. Therefore, due to some of these challenges, it was necessary to conduct a methodological investigation to reduce measurement error.
Methods: Twenty-two students (n=22) were recruited from the University of Gloucestershire (BSc Hons) undergraduate programmes. All participants were over 18 years of age and all were free from disease, illness or injury (ᵡ±s; age=20.5±1.7 years, body mass=68.7±1.5 kg and stretched stature=172.0±8.3 cm).
Results: When comparing body mass in water values between the two exhalation techniques, (pre-submersion and post-submersion exhalation) results indicated systematic bias (lower value for post-submersion technique). There was a significant difference in body mass values between pre-submersion technique (Mean±SD=2.6±1.2 kg) and post-submersion technique (2.2±1.1 kg), t21=4.19, p<0.01.
Conclusion: When using hydrostatic weighing, the post-submersion exhalation technique was associated with greater measurement benefits thus resulting in a more reliable method.

References

Jackson AS, Pollock ML. Prediction accuracy of body den-sity, lean body weight and total body volume equations. Med Sci Sports. 1977; 9(4): 197-201. Web site. http://europepmc.org/ abstract/med/604713. Accessed March 1, 2017.

Demura S, Yamaji S, Kitabayashi T. Residual volume on land and when immersed in water: Effect on percent body fat. J Sports Sci. 2006; 24(8): 825-833. doi: 10.1080/02640410500128163

Slater GJ, Duthie GM, Pyne DB, Hopkins WG. Validation of a skinfold based index for tracking proportional changes in lean mass. Br J Sports Med. 2006; 40(3): 208-213. doi: 10.1136/ bjsm.2005.019794

Jüurimäe T, Jagomägi G, Lepp T. Body composition of uni-versity students by hydrostatic weighing and skinfold measure-ment. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 1992; 32(4): 387-393. Web site. http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/1293422. Accessed March 1, 2017.

Katch FI, Katch VL. Measurement and prediction errors in body composition assessment and the search for the perfect pre-diction equation. Res Q Exerc Sport. 1980; 51(1): 249-260. doi: 10.1080/02701367.1980.10609286

Dewit O, Fuller NJ, Fewtrell MS, Elia M, Wells JCK. Whole body air displacement plethysmography compared with hy-drodensitometry for body composition analysis. Arch Dis Child. 2000; 82(2): 159-164. doi: 10.1136/adc.82.2.159

Collins AL, Saunders S, McCarthy HD, Williams JE, Fuller NJ. Within and between laboratory precision in the measure-ment of body volume using air displacement plethysmography and its effect on body composition assessment. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2004; 28(1): 80-90. doi: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0802466

Collins AL, Saunders S, McCarthy HD, Williams JE, Fuller NJ. Within and between laboratory precision in the measure-ment of body volume using air displacement plethysmography and its effect on body composition assessment. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2004; 28(1): 80-90. doi: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0802466

Katch I. Practice curves and errors of measurement in esti-mating underwater weighing by hydrostatic weighing. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1969; 1(4): 212-216. Web site. http://insights. ovid.com/medicine-science-sports/masis/1969/12/000/practice-curves-errors-measurement-estimating/8/00005756. Accessed March 1, 2017.

Downloads

Published

2017-04-06

How to Cite

Claire Mills, Mark De Ste Croix, & David James. (2017). Agreement Between Methods to Determine Procedure for Maximal Exhalation During Hydrostatic Weighing: A Methodological Investigation. Sports and Exercise Medicine , 3(1), 20–23. https://doi.org/10.17140/SEMOJ-3-143