Non-Classical Human Leukocyte Antigen-G Allelic Diversity Among North Indians
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17140/ANTPOJ-2-106Keywords:
Gene diversity, Human leukocyte antigen-G, North India, Phylogenetic analysisAbstract
Objectives: Throughout evolution high degree of polymorphism of human leukocyte antigens (HLA) has been observed which ensured accommodation and presentation of all possible antigens. Non-classical human leukocyte antigens-G (HLA-G) region shows polymorphism at 5′-upstream regulatory region (5′-URR) and in the 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR). These polymorphisms have not been explored extensively in spite of the fact that they have been associated with immune-modulation. This study explores the HLA-G allele diversity and their plausible role in reshaping the global population structure.
Methods: Three hundred North Indians were screened using HLA-G 5´URR region by sequencing. The 14 bp insertion deletion polymorphism was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by polyacrilymide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Detailed statistical analysis was done to compare the present population with allele frequency data of 12 global populations. The number of populations was restricted as only sequence based typing based studies were considered.
Results: The genetic distance, phylogenetic analysis and principal component analysis revealed genetic similarity of North Indians with populations of West Eurasian descent from HLA-G allelic diversity view point. Mongoloid, African, and South American populations revealed less genetic similarity with North Indians.
Conclusions: Indian subcontinent has undergone many historical migrations and invasions hence it is intriguing to observe how the conserved HLA-G has behaved from the population diversity view point throughout these years. Our results revealed less genetic distance with Caucasians suggesting an evolutionary link among them.
References
Hviid TV, Rizzo R, Melchiorri L, Stignani M, Baricordi OR. Polymorphism in the 5’ upstream regulatory and 3’ untranslated regions of the HLA-G gene in relation to soluble HLA-G and IL-10 expression. Hum Immunol. 2006; 67: 53-62.
Yari F, Zavaran Hosseini A, Nemat Gorgani M, Khorramiza-deh MR, Mansouri P, Kazemnejad A. Expression of HLA-G in the skin of patients with pemphigus vulgaris. Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2008; 7: 7-12. doi: 07.01/ijaai.712
Hviid TV, Larsen LG, Hoegh AM, Bzorek M. HLA-G ex-pression in placenta in relation to HLA-G genotype and poly-morphisms. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2004; 52: 212-217. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2004.00208.x
Aghdaie MH, Azarpira N, Kazemi K, Geramizadeh B, Darai M, Malekhoseini SA. Frequency of HLA-G exon 8 polymor-phisms and kidney allograft outcome in Iranian population. Mol Biol Rep. 2011; 38: 3593-3597. doi: 10.1007/s11033-010- 0470-y
Mariaselvam CM, Chaaben AB, Salah S, et al. Human leu-kocyte antigen-G polymorphism influences the age of onset and autoantibody status in rheumatoid arthritis. Tissue Antigens. 2015; 85(3): 182-189. doi: 10.1111/tan.12521
Silva HP, Ururahy MA, Souza KS, et al. The association be-tween the HLA-G 14-bp insertion/deletion polymorphism and type 1 diabetes. Genes Immun. 2016; 17(1): 13-18. doi: 10.1038/ gene.2015.45
Alves BM, Prellwitz IM, Siqueira JD, et al. The effect of human leukocyte antigen G alleles on human papillomavirus infection and persistence in a cohort of HIV-positive pregnant women from Brazil. Infect Genet Evol. 2015; 34: 339-343. doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.06.027
Hylenius S, Andersen AM, Melbye M, Hviid TV. Association between HLA-G genotype and risk of pre-eclampsia: A case-control study using family triads. Mol Hum Reprod. 2004; 10: 237-246. doi: 10.1093/molehr/gah035
Gineau L, Luisi P, Castelli EC, et al. Balancing immunity and tolerance: Genetic footprint of natural selection in the transcrip-tional regulatory region of HLA-G. Genes Immun. 2015; 16: 57- 70. doi: 10.1038/gene.2014.63
González-Galarza FF, Takeshita LY, Santos EJ, et al. Allele frequency net 2015 update: New features for HLA epitopes, KIR and disease and HLA adverse drug reaction associations. Nucleic Acids Res. 2015; 43(database issue): D784-D788. doi: 10.1093/nar/gku1166
Robinson J, Halliwell JA, Hayhurst JH, Flicek P, Parham P, Marsh SGE. The IPD and IPD-IMGT/HLA database: Allele variant databases. Nucleic Acids Res. 2015; 43: D423-D431. doi: 10.1093/nar/gku1161
Saitou N, Nei M. The neighbor-joining method: A new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Mol Biol Evol. 1987; 4: 406-425. Web site. http://mbe.oxfordjournals.org/con-tent/4/4/406.full.pdf+html. Accessed September 12, 2016.
Tamura K, Peterson D, Peterson N, Stecher G, Nei M, Ku-mar S. MEGA5: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis us-ing maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. Mol Biol Evol. 2011; 28: 2731-2739. doi: 10.1093/molbev/msr121
Crawford NG. SMOGD: Software for the measurement of genetic diversity. Mol Ecol Resour. 2010; 10: 556-557. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2009.02801.x
Pirri A, Contieri FC, Benvenutti R, Bicalho Mda G. A study of HLA-G polymorphism and linkage disequilibrium in renal transplant patients and their donors. Transpl Immunol. 2009; 20: 143-149. doi: 10.1016/j.trim.2008.09.012
Castelli EC, Mendes-Junior CT, Donadi EA. HLA-G al-leles and HLA-G 14 bp polymorphisms in a Brazilian popula-tion. Tissue Antigens. 2007; 70: 62-68. doi: 10.1111/j.1399- 0039.2007.00855.x
Pfeiffer KA, Fimmers R, Engels G, van der Ven H, van der Ven K. The HLA-G genotype is potentially associated with idio-pathic recurrent spontaneous abortion. Mol Hum Reprod. 2001; 7: 373-378. doi: 10.1093/molehr/7.4.373
Ishitani A, Kishida M, Sageshima N, et al. Re-examination of HLA-G polymorphism in African Americans. Immunogenet-ics. 1999; 49(9): 808-811. doi: 10.1007/s002510050555
Sipak-Szmigiel O, Cybulski C, Lubiński J, Ronin-Walknows-ka E. HLA-G polymorphism in a Polish population and re-productive failure. Tissue Antigens. 2008; 71: 67-71. doi: 10. 1111/j.1399-0039.2007.00942.x
Park Y, Park Y, Kim YS, Kwon OJ, Kim HS. Allele fre-quencies of human leukocyte antigen-G in a Korean popula-tion. Int J Immunogenet. 2012; 39: 39-45. doi: 10.1111/j.1744- 313X.2011.01053.x
Shao W, Yoo YJ, Tang J, Zhang K, Allen S, Kaslow RA. Tight linkage disequilibrium between HLA-G and HLA-A al-leles in native Africans. Hum Immunol. 2006; 67(1): S118. doi: 10.1016/j.humimm.2006.08.180
Jassem RM, Shani WS, Loisel DA, Sharief M, Billstrand C, Ober C. HLA-G polymorphisms and soluble HLA-G pro-tein levels in women with recurrent pregnancy loss from Bas-rah province in Iraq. Hum Immunol. 2012; 73: 811-817. doi: 10.1016/j.humimm.2012.05.009
Ober C, Rosinsky B, Grimsley C, van der Ven K, RobertsonA, Runge A. Population genetic studies of HLA-G: Allele frequen-cies and linkage disequilibrium with HLA-A1. J Reprod Immu-nol. 1996; 32: 111-123. doi: 10.1016/S0165-0378(96)01000-5
Steffensen R, Christiansen OB, Bennett EP, Jersild C. HLA-E polymorphism in patients with recurrent spontaneous abor-tion. Tissue Antigens. 1998; 52(6): 569-572. doi: 10.1111/j.1399- 0039.1998.tb03088.x
Castelli EC, Mendes-Junior CT, Veiga-Castelli LC, Roger M, Moreau P, Donadi EA. A comprehensive study of polymor-phic sites along the HLA-G gene: Implication for gene regula-tion and evolution. Mol Biol Evol. 2011; 28: 3069-3086. doi: 10.1093/molbev/msr138
Rajagopalan S, Long EO. KIR2DL4 (CD158d): An activa-tion receptor for HLA-G. Front Immunol. 2012; 20(3): 258. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00258
Rajalingam R, Du Z, Meenagh A, et al. Distinct diversity of KIR genes in three southern Indian populations: Comparison with world populations revealed a link between KIR gene con-tent and pre-historic human migrations. Immunogenetics. 2008; 60: 207-217. doi: 10.1007/s00251-008-0286-2
Rajalingam R, Krausa P, Shilling HG, et al. Distinctive KIR and HLA diversity in a panel of North Indian Hindus. Immuno-genetics. 2002; 53: 1009-1019. doi: 10.1007/s00251-001-0425-
Prakash S, Alam S, Faridi RM, Sonawane A, Agrawal S. Killer immunoglobulin like receptor gene content diversity among Northern Indian population. Ann Hum Biol. 2014; 41: 540-547. doi: 10.3109/03014460.2014.899624
Matte C, Lacaille J, Zijenah L, Ward B, Roger M. HLA-G and HLA-E polymorphisms in an indigenous African popula-tion. The ZVITAMBO Study Group. Hum Immunol. 2000; 61: 1150-1156.
Arnaiz-Villena A, Enriquez-de-Salamanca M, Areces C, et al. HLA-G(*)01:05N null allele in Mayans (Guatemala) and Uros (Titikaka Lake, Peru): Evolution and population genet-ics. Hum Immunol. 2013; 74(4): 478-482. doi: 10.1016/j.hu-mimm.2012.12.013
Rowold DJ, Benedico DP, Garcia-Bertrand R, et al. Ladakh, India: The land of high passes and genetic heterogeneity reveals a confluence of migrations. Eur J Hum Genet. 2016; 24: 442- 449. doi: 10.1038/ejhg.2015.80
Negi N, Tamang R, Pande V, et al. The paternal ancestry of Uttarakhand does not imitate the classical caste system of India. J Hum Genet. 2016; 61: 167-172. doi: 10.1038/jhg.2015.121
Novembre J, Ramachandran S. Perspectives on human pop-ulation structure at the cusp of the sequencing era. Annu Rev Ge-nomics Hum Genet. 2011; 12: 245-274. doi: 10.1146/annurev-genom-090810-183123
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
All content published in Anthropology is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). This license allows anyone to copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt the work — including for commercial purposes — provided appropriate credit is given to the original author(s) and source.
