Is It Time to Reconsider the 60 Seconds- Diabetic Foot Screen Reorganizing the 60 Second Foot Exam for People with Diabetes?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17140/DRMTOJ-2-121Keywords:
Diabetic foot, Screening tool, DiabetesAbstract
Diabetic patients have 25% lifetime risk of developing foot ulceration. More than half of these
ulcers may eventually become infected, which greatly increases the likelihood of subsequent
amputations. Although a multidisciplinary approach is the standard management for treating
diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), screening of diabetic foot ulcers is an integral part of that process.
This review highlights the importance of the Inow’s 60 seconds screening tool but at the same
time highlights serious gaps in the screening tool which is supposed to be a comprehensive
screening tool for use in diabetic patients. The authors have addressed these gaps in a constructive
and scientific way thereby solidifying the screening tool further in order to capture all the
features and complications of the diabetic foot.
References
Sibbald RG, Ostrow B, Lowe J, et al. Screening for the high-risk diabetic foot: A 60-second tool. Adv Skin Wound Care. 2012; 5(2): 72-82. doi: 10.1097/01.ASW.0000421460.21773.7b
Sage RA, Webster JK, Fisher SG. Outpatient care and mor-bidity reduction in diabetic foot ulcers associated with chronic pressure callus. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 2001; 91(6): 275-279. doi: 10.7547/87507315-91-6-275
Najdawi F, Fa’ouri M. Frequency and types of skin disor-ders and associated diabetes mellitus in elderly Jordanians. East Mediterr Health J. 2002; 8(4-5): 574-578. Web site. http://apps. who.int/iris/handle/10665/119202. Accessed January 24, 2017.
Ewan A. Masson EA. Dermatological care of the dia-betic foot. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2002; 3(7): 463-474. doi: 10.2165/00128071-200203070-00003
European Wound Management Association (EWMA). Po-sition document. wound bed preparation in practice. London: MEP Ltd; 2004.
Woodbury MG, Sibbald RG, Ostrow B, Persaud R, Lowe JM. Tool for rapid & easy identification of high risk diabetic foot: Validation & clinical pilot of the simplified 60 second diabetic foot screening tool. PLoS One. 2015; 10(6): e0125578. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125578
Carreau L, Niezgoda H, LeBlond S, Trainor A, Orsted H, Woodbury MG. A prospective, descriptive study to assess the reliability and usability of a rapid foot screen for patients with diabetes mellitus in a complex continuing care setting. Ostomy Wound Manage. 2013; 59(1): 28-34. Web site. http:// www.o-wm.com/article/prospective-descriptive-study-assess-reliability-and-usability-rapid-foot-screen-patients-di. Accessed January 24, 2017.
Murphy CA, Laforet K, Da Rosa P, Tabamo F, Woodbury MG. Reliability and predictive validity of inlow’s 60-second diabetic foot screen tool. Adv Skin Wound Care. 2012; 25(6): 261-266. doi: 10.1097/01.ASW.0000415343.45178.91
Murphy-Chutorian B, Han G, Cohen SR. Dermatologic mani-festations of diabetes mellitus: A review. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2013; 42(4): 869-898. doi: 10.1016/j.ecl.2013.07.004
Al-Lenjawi B, Mohamed H, Abu Salma M, Abo Gouda Z. Natural honey in the management of thermal burn of the foot in a type 2 diabetic patient: A case report. Dermatol Open J. 2016; 1(1): 14-18. doi: 10.17140/DRMTOJ- 1-105.26
Al-Lenjawi B, Mohamed H, Al-Ali A, Kherallah B. Are all wound products created equally? The re-emergence of natural honey. J Diabetic Foot Complications. 2015; 7(2): 26-41. Web site. http://jdfc.org/spotlight/are-all-wound-products-created-equally-the-re-emergence-of-natural-honey/. Accessed January 24, 2017.
Demirseren DD, Emre S, Akoglu G, et al. Relationship be-tween skin diseases and extracutaneous complications of diabe-tes mellitus: Clinical analysis of 750 patients. Am J Clin Derma-tol. 2014; 15(1): 65-70. doi: 10.1007/s40257-013-0048-2
Van Hattem SI. “Skin manifestations of diabetes.” Cleve Clin J Med. 2008; 75(11): 772-774.
Boulton AJM. The diabetic foot: From art to science. Dia-betologia. 2004; 47(8): 1343-1353. doi: 10.1007/s00125-004- 1463-y
Boulton AJ, Armstrong DG, Albert SF, et al. Comprehensive foot examination and risk assessment: A report of the task force of the foot care interest group of the American Diabetes Associa-tion, with endorsement by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists. Diabetes Care. 2008; 31(8): 1679-1685. doi: 10.2337/dc08-9021
Murphy CA, Laforet K, Da Rosa P, Tabamo F, Woodbury MG. Reliability and predictive validity of Inlow’s 60-Second diabetic foot screen tool. Adv Skin Wound Care. 2012; 25(6): 261-266. doi: 10.1097/01.ASW.0000415343.45178.91
Bower VM, Hobbs M. Validation of the basic foot screening checklist: A population screening tool for identifying foot ulcer risk in people with diabetes mellitus. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 2009; 99(4): 339-347. doi: 10.7547/0980339
Jergensen B, Price P, Andersen KE, et al. The silver-releas-ing foam dressing, Contreet Foam, promotes faster healing of critically colonised venous leg ulcers: A randomised, controlled trial. Int Wound J. 2005; 2(1): 64-73. doi: 10.1111/j.1742- 4801.2005.00084.x
Rodgers A, Watret L. Maceration and its effect on periwound margins. Diabetic Foot. 2003; 6(3 Suppl): S2-S5.
Hilton JR, Williams DT, Beuker B, Miller DR, Harding KG. Wound dressings in diabetic foot disease. Clin Infect Dis. 2004; 39(Suppl 2): S100-S103. doi: 10.1086/383270
Gayle KAT, Tulloch Reid MK, Younger NO, et al. Foot care and footwear practices among patients attending a special-ist diabetes clinic in Jamaica. Clin Pract. 2012; 2(4): e85. doi: 10.4081/cp.2012.e85
Sasmaz S, Buyukbese M, Cetinkaya A, Celik M, Arican O. The prevalence of skin disorders in type-2 diabetic patients. In-ternet J Dermatology. 2004; 3(1): 1-4. Web site. https://ispub. com/IJD/3/1/8588. Accessed January 24, 2017.
Marso SP, Hiatt WR. Peripheral arterial disease in patients with diabetes. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006; 47(5): 921-929. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2005.09.065
American Diabetes Association. Peripheral arterial disease in people with diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2003; 26(12): 3333- 3341. doi: 10.2337/diacare.26.12.3333
Elhadd TA, Robb R, Jung RT, Stonebridge PA, Belch JJF. Pilot study of prevalence of asymptomatic peripheral arterial occlusive disease in patients with diabetes attending a hospital clinic. Practical Diabetes Int. 1999; 16: 163-166. doi: 10.1002/ pdi.1960160605
Hirsch AT, Criqui MH, Treat-Jacobson D, et al. Peripher-al arterial disease detection, awareness, and treatment in pri-mary care. JAMA. 2001; 286(11): 1317-1324. doi: 10.1001/ jama.286.11.1317
Beks PJ, Mackaay AJ, de Neeling JN, de Vries H, Bouter LM, Heine RJ. Peripheral arterial disease in relation to glycemic level in an elderly Caucasian population: The Hoorn study. Dia-betologia. 1995; 38(1): 86-96. doi: 10.1007/BF02369357
Gardner AW, Afaq A. Management of lower extremity pe-ripheral arterial disease. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev. 2008; 28(6): 349-357. doi: 10.1097/HCR.0b013e31818c3b96
Paron NG, Lambert PW. Cutaneous manifestations of diabe-tes mellitus. Prim Care. 2000; 27: 371-383.
Sibbald RG, Landolt SJ, Toth D. Skin and diabetes. Endocri-nol Metab Clin North Am. 1996; 25: 463-472.
Lipsky BA, Baker PD, Ahroni JH. Diabetic bullae: 12 cases of a purportedly rare cutaneous disorder. Int J Dermatol. 2000; 39(3): 196-200. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-4362.2000.00947.x
Soliman E, Gellido C. Diabetic Neuropathy. Medicine. 2002.
Reiber GE, Vileikyte L, Boyko EJ, et al. Causal pathways for incident lower-extremity ulcers in patients with diabetes from two settings. Diabetes Care. 1999; 22(1): 157-162. doi: 10.2337/ diacare.22.1.157
Meijer JW, van Sonderen E, Blaauwwiekel EE, et al. Dia-betic neuropathy examination: A hierarchical scoring system to diagnose distal polyneuropathy in diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2000; 23(6): 750-753. doi: 10.2337/diacare.23.6.750
American Diabetes Association. Preventive foot care in people with diabetes (Position Statement). Diabetes Care. 2003; 26 (Suppl 1): S78-S79. Web site. http://journals.sagepub.com/ doi/abs/10.1177/107110070002100115?journalCode=faib. Ac-cessed January 24, 2017.
Inlow S. A 60 second foot exam for people with diabetes. Wound Care Canada. 2004 ;2(2): 10-11.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
All content published in Dermatology (DER) is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). This license allows anyone to copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt the work — including for commercial purposes — provided appropriate credit is given to the original author(s) and source.
