Peri-Implantitis: A Review of the Disease and Report of a Case Treated with Allograft to Achieve Bone Regeneration

Abstract

Dental implants offer excellent tooth replacement options however; peri-implantitis can limit their clinical success by causing failure. Peri-implantitis is an inflammatory process around dental implants resulting in bone loss in association with bleeding an  suppuration. Dental plaque is at the center of its etiology, and in addition, systemic diseases, smoking, and parafunctional habits are also implicated. The pathogenic species associated with peri-implantitis include, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Tannerella forsythia. The goal in the management of peri-implantitis is the complete resolution of peri-implant infection with function. Therapies using various biomaterials to deliver antibiotics  have been used in the treatment of peri-implantitis e.g. fibers, gels, and beads. The use of guided tissue regeneration barrier membranes loaded with antimicrobials has shown success in
re-osseointegrating the infected implants in animal models. Several uncertainties still remain regarding the management of peri-implantitis. The purpose of this article is to present a background of peri-implantitis along with a case of peri-implantitis successfully treated for bone regeneration.