Antifungal Activity of Commercial Mouthrinses Against Candida Albicans
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17140/DOJ-5-137Keywords:
Yeast, Mouthrinse, Antifungal activityAbstract
To investigate the effectiveness of a delmopinol, sodium chlorite, povidone iodine, and lactoferrin-lysozyme-lactoperoxidase
mouthrinse against C. albicans planktonic cells and biofilms.
Methods Two-fold dilutions of the mouthrinse solutions were prepared (1:2, 1:4, 1:8, 1:16, 1:32, 1:64), and dispensed into 96 well microtitre plates. Standardized inocula of wild type C. albicans SC5314 was added and the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs)
were determined in accordance with Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) Guidelines for the broth microdilution
assay. Optically clear wells were cultured for determination of minimum fungicidal concentrations (MFCs). The effect of the
mouthrinses against C. albicans mature biofilms was also evaluated. The metabolic activity of the biofilms was semi-quantitatively
determined with a standard 2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfo-phenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) reduction assay.
Results The lowest MICs were exhibited by delmopinol (1:16), followed by sodium chlorite (1:8), povidone iodine (1:4), and lactoferrin lysozyme- lactoperoxidase (1:4). Delmopinol exhibited fungicidal activity at 1:16 dilution, while MFCs were achieved by higher concentrations of povidone iodine (1:4) and sodium chlorite (1:2). Lactoferrin-lysozyme-lactoperoxidase did not exhibit fungicidal
activity at all tested concentrations. Among the four agents at two-fold dilution, sodium chlorite and povidone iodine exhibited
the greatest reductions (>90%) in C. albicans biofilms (p<0.005). Significantly greater reductions in metabolic activity were achieved
with sodium chlorite compared to the other agents at dilutions of 1:4 through to 1:32 (p<0.005). Conclusions Delmopinol exhibited the highest activity against planktonic C. albicans, while sodium chlorite exhibited greater effects against
mature biofilms. Clinical Significance Sodium chlorite was shown in this study to exhibit potent antifungal activity against C. albicans biofilms, and products containing this active ingredient deserve consideration for inclusion in oral health promotion measures conducted amongst vulnerable patient groups.
References
Lewis RE. Overview of the changing epidemiology of candidemia. Curr Med Res Opin. 2009; 25: 1732-40. doi: 10.1185/03007990902990817
Westbrook SD, Kirkpatrick WR, Freytes CO, et al. Candi-da krusei sepsis secondary to oral colonization in a hemopoietic stem cell transplant recipient. Med Mycol. 2007; 45: 187-90. doi: 10.1080/13693780601164306
Redding SW, Marr KA, Kirkpatrick WR, Coco BJ, Patterson TF. Candida glabrata sepsis secondary to oral colonization in bone mar-row transplantation. Med Mycol. 2004; 42: 479-81.
Batista GC, Krebs VL, Ruiz LS, Auler ME, Hahn RC, Paula CR. Oral colonization: A possible source for candidemia in low-wei-ght neontes. J Mycol Med. 2014; 24(2): 81-6. doi: 10.1016/j.myc-med.2013.11.004
Barkauskas C, Perfect J. Candida pneumonia: What we know and what we don’t. Curr Fungal Infect Rep. 2009; 3: 21-31. doi: 10.1007/ s12281-009-0004-z
Dermawan JKT, Ghosh S, Keating MK, Gopalakrishna KV, Submit your article to this journal | https://openventio.org/submit-manuscript/ 22 Lam OLT, et al Mukhopadhyay S. Candida pneumonia with severe clinical course, re-covery with antifungal therapy and unusual pathologic findings: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore). 2018; 97(2): e9650. doi: 10.1097/ MD.0000000000009650
Toleuova A, Tayzhanova D, Toyynbekova R, Beysenbekova Z. Case report of Candida pneumonia. Georgian Med News. 2018; Feb: 86-90.
Gleiznys A, Zdanavičienė E, Žilinskas J. Candida albicans impor-tance to denture wearers. A literature review. Stomatologija, Baltic Dental and Maxillofacial Journal. 2015; 17: 54-66.
Lam OL, Bandara HM, Samaranayake LP, McGrath C, Li LS. Oral health promotion interventions on oral yeast in hospitalised and medically compromised patients: A systematic review. Mycoses. 2012; 55: 123-42. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.2011.02062.x
Tsang PW, Bandara HM, Fong WP. Purpurin suppresses Can-dida albicans biofilm formation and hyphal development. PLoS One. 2012; 7: e50866. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050866
CLSI. M27-A3 Reference Method for Broth Dilution Antifungal Sus-ceptibility Testing of Yeasts; Approved Standard - 3rd ED. Wayne, PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute: 2008. Research Letter | Volume 5 | Number 1|
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
All content published in Dentistry (DOJ) is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). This license allows anyone to copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt the work — including for commercial purposes — provided appropriate credit is given to the original author(s) and source.
