Pathogenesis and Management of Retinopathy of Prematurity in Premature Infants

Abstract

Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) continues to be a major cause of preventable blindness
in considerable parts of the world, including developing countries. The incidence of ROP
varies with the level of neonatal care; adequate screening and follow-up of these infants is
essential for intervention to occur at the appropriate time. Even though the pathophysiology
is not certain, oxygen and its interaction with angiogenic factors plays a central role in the
development of the disease. Despite the role of oxygen in the pathogenesis of ROP, optimal
oxygen saturation in the first few weeks of life in the premature infant remains unclear. Current
treatment strategies include ablation of the peripheral avascular retina, management of abnormal
vasoproliferation in late stages of disease and visual rehabilitation. A team effort involving
neonatologists, ophthalmologists and excellent nursing care will go a long way in not only decreasing
the incidence of ROP but also in building a strong screening and follow-up program,
which is critical in the management of these patients.