Exploring the Association between Demographic Factors and Breast Cancer Diagnosis at a Holistic Breast Imaging Clinic in Cairo, Egypt
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17140/ROJ-4-124Keywords:
Breast cancer, Breast radiological diagnoses, Phenotypic variations, Breast imaging-reporting, data system (BI-RADS)Abstract
Background
Breast cancer is among the most common cancers affecting women worldwide, including Egypt. Age is a well-known determinant
of breast cancer risk; however, more data is needed to better understand the importance of age on incidence of breast cancer in
the Middle East. Being overweight or obese are also known risk factors—especially for post-menopausal women–however, these
data are not available for women in developing countries.
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to qualitatively explore the association between age, breast density, and demographic factors of
breast cancer patients, across a spectrum of radiological breast diagnoses at a large Breast Imaging Clinic in Cairo, Egypt.
Materials and Methods
We explored the association between age, demographic factors, and Breast cancer incidence among 6,711 women undergoing
mammographic screening over a consecutive period of 6-years. Data was collected from March 2007 until March 2013 and extracted
from an electronic data base system.
Results
A total of 6,711 participants were included in this study. The median age of all patients was 46.1. Mean body mass index (BMI)
of 28.5, where 34% of the patients were overweight and 32.4% were obese. Older women were more likely to be obese compared
to younger women (38.4% vs 18.1%, p<0.001). Older females were more likely to have less dense breasts (ACR: A) compared
to younger females (18.1% vs 8.7%, p<0.001). Women older than 40 had a higher confirmed number of breast cancer diagnoses
compared with the younger age group (10.7% vs 3.5%, p<0.001). Women with breast cancer were more obese (p<0.001), had
denser breasts (p<0.001), were post-menopausal (p=0.002), and more likely to be Muslim (p=0.0021). In the multivariate analysis,
aforementioned factors were significant predictors for confirmed diagnosis.
Conclusion
To our knowledge this is the largest study to examine the association of radiological breast assessments on breast cancer incidence,
obesity and demographic factors in Egypt. Although data shows the global burden of breast cancer is shifting to the developing
world and affecting younger women at alarming rates, our data demonstrated a very low occurrence of breast cancer in both age
groups.
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