Salivary Biomarkers in Children: Exercise, Physical Activity and Obesity Studies

Abstract

Worldwide, overweight/obesity and associated chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes (T2D), have reached epidemic proportions. The current statistics show that overweight/obesity and chronic disease is prevalent amongst adults and children in South Africa. The aim of the review is to discuss current research investigating how overweight/obesity and inactivity impact on salivary biomarkers of immune and sympathetic activation in children and how these may change with weight-loss and increased activity. There is limited research regarding the effect that these factors have on salivary biomarkers of health status, especially in children. Further, research is required to provide a clearer understanding of how salivary biomarkers may be used for understanding the impact of obesity and physical inactivity on pediatric health. This will play a role in the development of appropriate physical activity and exercise guidelines for children.