A Review of Vaccine Efficacy Measures

Crossmark: check for updates

Authors

  • Sayan Dasgupta Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, M2-C200, Seattle,WA 98109, USA

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17140/VROJ-4-110

Keywords:

Vaccine efficacy, Effectiveness, Overall effectiveness, Vaccine-preventable disease incidence, Public health impact

Abstract

To fully understand the assessments of vaccine efficacy and safety, the crucial information needed for regulatory approval, one
must understand the principles of vaccine epidemiology. In this review article, we go through some of the key concepts in vaccine
epidemiology.
Keywords
; ; ; ; 

References

Plotkin S. History of vaccination. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014; 111(34): 12283-12287. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1400472111

Riedel S. Edward Jenner and the history of smallpox and vaccination. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent). 2005; 18(1): 21-25. doi: 10.1080/08998280.2005.11928028

Weinberg GA, Szilagyi PG. Vaccine epidemiology: Efficacy, effectiveness, and the translational research roadmap. J Infect Dis. 2010; 201(11): 1607-1610. doi: 10.1086/652404

Hsu JL. A brief history of vaccines: Smallpox to the present. S D Med. 2013; Spec: 33-37.

Saadatian-Elahi M, Horstick O, Breiman RF, et al. Beyond effica-cy: The full public health impact of vaccines. Vaccine. 2016; 34(9): 1139-1147. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.01.021

Lahariya C. Vaccine epidemiology: A review. J Family Med Prim Care. 2016; 5(1): 7-15. doi: 10.4103/2249-4863.184616

Verani JR, Baqui AH, Broome CV, et al. Case-control vaccine effectiveness studies: Preparation, design, and enrollment of cases and controls. Vaccine. 2017; 35(25): 3295-3302. doi: 10.1016/j.vac-cine.2017.04.037

Wilder-Smith A, Longini I, Zuber P, et al. The public health val-ue of vaccines beyond efficacy: Methods, measures and outcomes. BMC medicine. 2017; 15(1): 138. doi: 10.1186/s12916-017-0911-8

Fox JP, Elveback LR. Herd immunity–changing concepts. Viral Immunology and Immunopathology. 1975; 273-290. doi: 10.1016/B978- 0-12-522050-7.50020-4

Fine PE. Herd immunity: History, theory, practice. Epidemi-ol Rev. 1993; 15(2): 265-302. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.epirev. a036121

Halloran ME. The minicommunity design to assess indirect effects of vaccination. Epidemiol methods. 2012; 1(1): 83-105. doi: 10.1515/2161-962X.1008

Halloran ME, Longini IM. Struchiner CJ, Longini IM. Design and Analysis of Vaccine Studies. New York City, USA: Springer. 2010.

Shim E, Galvani AP. Distinguishing vaccine efficacy and ef-fectiveness. Vaccine. 2012; 30(47): 6700-6705. doi: 10.1016/j.vac-cine.2012.08.045 Submit your article to this journal | https://openventio.org/submit-manuscript/ 4 Dasgupta S

Halloran ME, Struchiner CJ. Causal inference in infectious dis-eases. Epidemiology. 1995; 6(2): 142-151.

Hudgens MG, Halloran ME. Toward causal inference with interference. J Am Stat Assoc. 2008; 103(482): 832-842. doi: 10.1198/016214508000000292

Vanderweele TJ, Tchetgen Tchetgen EJ. Effect partitioning un-der interference in two-stage randomized vaccine trials. Stat Probab Lett. 2011; 81(7): 861-869. doi: 10.1016/j.spl.2011.02.019

Halloran ME, Struchiner CJ. Study designs for dependent hap-penings. Epidemiology. 1991; 2(5): 331-338. doi: 10.1097/00001648- 199109000-00004

Gessner BD, Feikin DR. Vaccine preventable disease incidence as a complement to vaccine efficacy for setting vaccine policy. Vac-cine. 2014; 32(26): 3133-3138. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.04.019

Dietz K. The estimation of the basic reproduction number for infectious diseases. Stat Methods Med Res. 1993; 2(1): 23-41. doi: 10.1177/096228029300200103

Rothman KJ, Greenland S, Lash TL, Greenland S. Modern Epi-demiology. Philadelphia, USA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2012.

Guerra FM, Bolotin S, Lim G, et al. The basic reproduction number (R ) of measles: A systematic review. Lancet Infect Dis. 2017; 17(12): e420-e428. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(17)30307-9

Fine P, Eames K, Heymann DL. Herd immunity: A rough guide. Clin Infect Dis. 2011; 52(7): 911-916. doi: 10.1093/cid/cir007

Hajjeh RA, Privor-Dumm L, Edmond K, et al. Supporting new vaccine introduction decisions: Lessons learned from the hib initi-ative experience. Vaccine. 2010; 28(43): 7123-7129. doi: 10.1016/j. vaccine.2010.07.028

Mahoney RT, Maynard JE. The introduction of new vaccines into developing countries. Vaccine. 1999; 17(7-8): 646-652.

Published

2019-03-02

How to Cite

Sayan Dasgupta. (2019). A Review of Vaccine Efficacy Measures. Vaccination Research, 4(1), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.17140/VROJ-4-110