Cephalic Index of The Igbos, Nigeria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17140/ANTPOJ-1-105Keywords:
Head breadth, Head length, IgbosAbstract
Cephalic Index (CI) is an important tool for the classification of human beings.
Objectives: This study examines the CI of the Igbos schooling at Federal University of Technology Owerri in order to establish the head pattern.
Materials and methods: A total of 202 subjects participated in the study (males n=114, females n=84) after obtaining informed consent. Measurement of the maximum head breadth (MHB) and maximum head lengths (MHL) of the subjects were taken. The data were analyzed using SPSS 17.0.
Results: The mean CI of the Igbos (both gender put together) was 71.57±14.81 while that of the males and females were 68.80±12.33 and 73.60±16.15 respectively. The most prominent CI was Dolichocephalic ‘head length longer than width’, males (76.2%) and females (59.6%). Mesocephalic ‘head is round’ and Brachycephalic ‘head wider than length’ were more common in the females than males. Sexual dimorphism was established at p<0.02 with females having higher values.
Conclusion: The documented head pattern or shape would be useful to Forensic Anthropologist and Craniofacial surgeons.
References
Anitha MR, VijayanathV, Raju GM, Vijayamahantesh SN. Cephalic Index of North Indian Population. Anat Kar-nataka. 2011; 5(1): 40-43. Web site. http://www.scopemed. org/?jft=44&ft=44-1315114178. Accessed April 4, 2016.
Poswillo D. Casual mechanism for craniofacial deformity. Br Med Bull. 1975; 31(2): 101-106.
Argyropoulos E, Sassouni V. Comparison of the dentofacial patterns for native Greek and American-Caucasian adolescents. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1989; 95(3): 238-249. doi: 10.1016/0889-5406(89)90054-1
Larsen CS. Bioarcheology. Cambridge, UK; Cambridge Uni-versity Press, 1997.
Kouchi M. Brachycephalization in Japan has ceased. Am J Phys Anthropol. 2000; 112(3): 339-347. doi: 10.1002/ 1096-8644(200007)112:3<339::AID-AJPA5>3.0.CO;2-6
Kelly KM, Littlefield T R, Pomatto JK, Riphley CE, Beals SP, Joganic EF. Importance of early recognition and treatment of de-formational plagiocephaly with orthotic cranioplasty. Cleft Pal-ate Craniofac J. 1999; 36(2): 127-130. Web site. http://www.cpc-journal.org/doi/pdf/10.1597/1545-1569%281999%29036%3C0 127%3AIOERAT%3E2.3.CO%3B2. Accessed April 4, 2016.
Shah GV, Jadhav HR. The study of cephalic index in stu-dents of Gujarat. J Anat Soc India. 2004; 53(1): 25-26. Web site. http://medind.nic.in/jae/t04/i1/jaet04i1p25.pdf. Accessed April 4, 2016.
Sekla B, Soukup F. Inheritance of the cephalic index. Am J Phys Anthrop. 2005; 30(1): 137-140. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.1330300116
Golalipour MJ, Jahanshali M, Haidari K. The variation of head and face shapes in females newborns in the south- east of the Caspian sea (mean Gorgam). Eur J Anat. 2005; 9(2): 95-98. Web site. http://eurjanat.com/data/pdf/eja.05020095.pdf. Ac-cessed April 4, 2016.
Fawehinmi HB, Osunwoke AE, Ligha AE, Okoh PD. A com-parative study on the cephalic indices of normal growing chil-dren and children with sickle cell anaemia in Port Harcourt. J Exp Clin Anat. 2008; 7(1): 27-29. doi: 10.4314/jeca.v7i1.48021
Oladipo GS, Anugweje KC, Bob-Manuel IF. Dolicocepha-lization in Cephalic Indices of Adult Yorubas of Nigeria. J An-thropol. 2014; doi: 10.1155/2014/819472
Abolhasanzadeh A, Farahani MR. Standarded international classification of head shapes of 22-24 years old in Tehran. J of Research in Medicine. 2003; 26: 281-285
Lobo SW, Chandrashekhar TS, Kumar S. Cephalic index of Gurung community of Nepal--an anthropometric study. Kath-mandu Univ Med J (KUMJ). 2005; 3(3): 263-265.
Mahesh K, Patnaik VV, Gopichand. The study of Cephalic In-dex in Haryanvi population. Int Journal Pure App. Biosci. 2013; 1(3): 1-6. Web site. http://www.ijpab.com/form/2013%20Vol-ume%201,%20issue%203/IJPAB-2013-1-3-1-6.pdf. Accessed April 4, 2016.
Raveendranath V, Manjunath KY. An Anthropometric study of correlation between Cephalic index, Cranial volume and Cra-nial measurements in Indian cadavers. Dept. of Anatomy, St John’s Medical College, Bangalore-560 034. Web site. http:// medind.nic.in/jaw/t10/i2/jawt10i2p55.pdf. Accessed April 4, 2016.
Joy O, Ahmed E, Gabriel O, Ezon-Ebidor E. Anthropometric study of the facial and nasal length of adult Igbo ethnic group in Nigeria. Internet Journal of Biological Anthropology. 2009; 2(2). Web site. http://ispub.com/IJBA/2/2/9456. Accessed April 4, 2016.
Bhatia M, Thin J, Debray H, Cabanes J. Etude anthro-pologique et genetique de la population du nord de l’Inde. Bull Et Mem Soc d’Anthrop de Paris. 1995; 10: 199-213.
Del Sol M. Cephalic index in a group of mapuche individuals in the IX region of Chile. Int J Morphol. 2005; 23(3): 241-246.
Bhargava I, Kher GA. A comparative anthropometric study of Bhils and Barelas of Central India. J Anat Soc India. 1961; 10: 26-33.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
All content published in Anthropology is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). This license allows anyone to copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt the work — including for commercial purposes — provided appropriate credit is given to the original author(s) and source.
