Supplementation with Mix of Garcinia cambogia Extract, Yerba Mate Extract, and Guarana Extract Lowers Body Fat but has no Effects on High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Level

Authors

  • Chih-Yi Lin School of Nutrition and Health Sciences,Taipei Medical University,Taipei,Taiwan, ROC
  • Chien-Tien Su School of Public Health, College of Public Health,Taipei Medical University,Taipei,Taiwan, ROC; Department of Family Medicine,Taipei Medical University Hospital,Taipei,Taiwan, ROC
  • Chung-Cheng Lo School of Nutrition and Health Sciences,Taipei Medical University,Taipei,Taiwan, ROC
  • Yi-Wen Chien School of Nutrition and Health Sciences,Taipei Medical University,Taipei,Taiwan, ROC; Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences,Taipei Medical University,Taipei,Taiwan, ROC

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17140/OROJ-5-134

Keywords:

Obesity, Yerba mate extract, Garcinia cambogia extract, Guarana extract, Weight control.

Abstract

Background
Obesity and being overweight have become modern health problems due to energy intake being higher than expenditure. The obesity
epidemic refers to the worldwide increase in excess weight according to the World Health Organization (WHO).
Objective
In light of the pressing need to check the progression of obesity, this study attempted to determine the effect of an herbal formula
tablet, which contains Garcinia cambogia extract, yerba mate extract, and guarana extract, on weight control.
Design
We enrolled 30 overweight or obese subjects and randomly assigned them to a control or an intervention group. Subjects were asked
to take a placebo or an herbal formula tablet twice a day for 8 weeks. Both groups had five nutrition education courses, and regular
anthropometric measurements were taken. At the end of the study, we analyzed blood lipid and glycemic parameters to determine
whether the herbal formula tablet had reduced lipid and glucose levels.
Results
Results showed that the waist and hip circumferences, weight, and body fat were significantly reduced in both groups (p<0.05); basal
metabolic rates were simultaneously maintained, although there were no differences between the two groups. In addition, subjects in
the intervention group had greater weight and body fat loss than did those in the control group (p<0.05). Blood analytic measurements
showed that high-density lipoprotein cholesterol had significantly decreased in the control group (p<0.05).
Conclusions
In conclusion, the herbal formula tablet along with nutrition education can be helpful in weight control and maintaining the highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol level.

References

Coulter DM. The New Zealand intensive medi-cines monitoring programme in proactive safe-ty surveillance. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2000; 9: 273-280. doi: 10.1002/1099-1557(200007/08)9:4<273::AID-PDS512>3.0.CO;2-T Y-W, et al. 9

Harrison-Woolrych M, Clark DW, Hill GR, Rees MI, Skinner JR. QT interval prolongation associated with sibutramine treat-ment. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2006; 61: 464-469. doi: 10.1111/j.1365- 2125.2006.02574.x

Sullivan A, Singh M, Srere PA, Glusker JP. Reactivity and inhibi-tor potential of hydroxycitrate isomers with citrate synthase, citrate lyase, and ATP citrate lyase. J Biol Chem. 1977; 252: 7583-7590.

Jena B, Jayaprakasha G, Singh R, Sakariah K. Chemistry and biochemistry of (−)-hydroxycitric acid from Garcinia. J Agric Food Chem. 2002; 50: 10-22.

Hellerstein MK, Xie Y. The indirect pathway of hepatic glyco-gen synthesis and reduction of food intake by metabolic inhibitors. Life Sci. 1993; 53: 1833-1845.

McCarty MF. Promotion of hepatic lipid oxidation and gluco-neogenesis as a strategy for appetite control. Med Hypotheses. 1994; 42: 215-225.

Campos A, Barros A, Santos F, Rao V. Guarana (Paullinia cupana Mart.) offers protection against gastric lesions induced by ethanol and indomethacin in rats. Phytother Res. 2003; 17: 1199-1202.

Mattei R, Dias R, Espınola E, Carlini E, Barros S. Guarana (Paul-linia cupana): Toxic behavioral effects in laboratory animals and an-tioxidant activity in vitro. J Ethnopharmacol. 1998; 60: 111-116.

Boozer C, Nasser J, Heymsfield S, et al. An herbal supplement containing Ma Huang-Guarana for weight loss: A randomized, double-blind trial. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2001; 25: 316-324.

Salvadori MC, Rieser EM, Neto LMR, Nascimento ES. Deter-mination of xanthines by high-performance liquid chromatogra-phy and thin-layer chromatography in horse urine after ingestion of guarana powder. Analyst. 1994; 119: 2701-2703.

Marcovina SM, Sirtori C, Peracino A, et al. Translating the ba-sic knowledge of mitochondrial functions to metabolic therapy: Role of L-carnitine. Translational Research. 2013; 161: 73-84. doi: 10.1016/j.trsl.2012.10.006

Kang YR, Lee HY, Kim JH, et al. Anti-obesity and anti-dia-betic effects of Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis) in C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet. Lab Anim Res. 2012; 28: 23-29. doi: 10.5625/ lar.2012.28.1.23 Submit your article to this journal | https://openventio.org/submit-manuscript/

World Health Organization (WHO). Obesity and Overweight. Fact sheet No 311. Ref Type: Online Source 2015.

Kim S-Y, Oh M-R, Kim M-G, Chae H-J, Chae S-W. Anti-obesi-ty effects of Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis): A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2015; 15: 338. doi: 10.1186/s12906-015-0859-1

Gosmann G, Barlette AG, Dhamer T, et al. Phenolic com-pounds from mate (Ilex paraguariensis) inhibit adipogenesis in 3T3- L1 preadipocytes. Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 2012; 67: 156-161. doi: 10.1007/s11130-012-0289-x

Mosimann ALP, Wilhelm-Filho D, Da Silva EL. Aqueous ex-tract of Ilex paraguariensis attenuates the progression of atheroscle-rosis in cholesterol-fed rabbits. Biofactors 2006; 26: 59-70.

Arcari DP, Santos JC, Gambero A, Ribeiro M. The in vitro and in vivo effects of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) extract on adipogenesis. Food Chem. 2013; 141: 809-815. doi: 10.1016/j.food-chem.2013.04.062

Cho A-S, Jeon S-M, Kim M-J, et al. Chlorogenic acid exhibits anti-obesity property and improves lipid metabolism in high-fat diet-induced-obese mice. Food Chem Toxicol. 2010; 48: 937-943. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.01.003

De Morais EC, Stefanuto A, Klein GA, et al. Consumption of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) improves serum lipid parameters in healthy dyslipidemic subjects and provides an additional LDL-cholesterol reduction in individuals on statin therapy. J Agric Food Chem. 2009; 57: 8316-8324. doi: 10.1021/jf901660g

Roongpisuthipong C, Kantawan R, Roongpisuthipong W. Re-duction of adipose tissue and body weight: effect of water soluble calcium hydroxycitrate in Garcinia atroviridis on the short term treat-ment of obese women in Thailand. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2007; 16: 25-29.

Asghar M, Monjok E, Kouamou G, et al. Super CitriMax (HCA-SX) attenuates increases in oxidative stress, inflammation, insulin resistance, and body weight in developing obese Zucker rats. Mol Cell Biochem. 2007; 304: 93-99. doi: 10.1007/s11010-007-9489-3

Roy S, Shah H, Rink C, et al. Transcriptome of primary adi-pocytes from obese women in response to a novel hydroxycitric acid-based dietary supplement. DNA Cell Biol. 2007; 26: 627-639. doi: 10.1089/dna.2007.0617

Downloads

Published

2018-08-29

How to Cite

Chih-Yi Lin, Chien-Tien Su, Chung-Cheng Lo, & Yi-Wen Chien. (2018). Supplementation with Mix of Garcinia cambogia Extract, Yerba Mate Extract, and Guarana Extract Lowers Body Fat but has no Effects on High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Level. Obesity Research, 5–10. https://doi.org/10.17140/OROJ-5-134

Issue

Section

Articles