Body Mass Index is a Strong Predictor of Vitamin D Deficiency in Multiethnic Obese Children

Authors

  • Srimathi Kannan Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA (where this work was initiated and completed)
  • Paul Visintainer Department of Medicine, UMMS-Baystate, Springfield, Massachusetts, USA
  • Harish B. Ganguri Department of Computer Science, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA; Kronsys Inc, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
  • Rushika Conroy Department of Pediatrics, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
  • Meghana Gudala Department of Pediatrics, Baystate Children’s Hospital, Chestnut St., Springfield, MA, USA
  • Chrystal Wittcopp Department of Pediatrics, Baystate Children’s Hospital, Chestnut St., Springfield, MA, USA

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17140/OROJ-4-128

Keywords:

Vitamin D deficiency, Obesity, Multiethnic children, BMIZ, Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Abstract

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent among obese children in the United
States.
Objective: The main objective of this study is to determine predictors of vitamin D deficiency
in obese children.
Methods: Children aged 5-14 years with body mass index z-score (BMIZ)>95% were enrolled.
Data included height, weight, ethnicity, season, dietary intake, serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D
test: (25(OH)D), parathyroid hormone, calcium, insulin, glucose, high sensitivity C-reactive
protein (CRP), lipids, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and waist
circumference. BMIZ calculation in children was categorized into ≥2.5 (high) and <2.5 (low).
Serum 25(OH)D levels were dichotomized as <20 ng/mL (deficient) or ≥20 ng/mL (sufficient).
Results: Ninety-one children completed the study. Mean BMIZ was 31.3±6.3 kg/m2
. Mean
25(OH)D level was 21.2±7.6 ng/mL. A base logistic regression model showed odds of a
deficient 25(OH)D was more than 3-times higher in children with a high BMIZ (OR: 3.35, 95%
CI: 1.07-10.43). African-American children were more likely than Caucasian children to have
low 25(OH)D (OR: 6.68, 95% CI: 1.31-36.13). Children enrolled in seasons other than winter
were less likely to have a low 25(OH)D. Adjustment for nutrients and serum cardiovascular
disease risk markers did not significantly alter the relationship between low 25(OH)D and
BMIZ.
Conclusions: The risk for vitamin D deficiency increases in children with severe obesity
(BMIZ≥2.5 SD) and does not significantly change by season, ethnicity, nutrient intake, or
cardiovascular disease risk parameters.

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Published

2016-11-24

How to Cite

Srimathi Kannan, Paul Visintainer, Harish B. Ganguri, Rushika Conroy, Meghana Gudala, & Chrystal Wittcopp. (2016). Body Mass Index is a Strong Predictor of Vitamin D Deficiency in Multiethnic Obese Children. Obesity Research, 11–18. https://doi.org/10.17140/OROJ-4-128

Issue

Volume 4 Issue 1 2017

Section

Articles

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