The Role of Familismo and Acculturation as Moderators of the Association Between Family Conflict and Substance Abuse on Latino Adult Males
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17140/PHOJ-1-110Keywords:
Latino males; Family conflict; Familismo; Acculturation; Substance abuse treat-ment.Abstract
Background:The significant research gap on Latino adults who completed substance abuse treatment (SAT) impacts the provision of substance use prevention and treatment for this po-pulation. Given the need for culturally-appropriate SAT for Latinos, research that examines the role of cultural constructs and acculturation in relation to substance use behavior is warranted. Objective: Based on the social control theory, the purpose of the present study is to examine the role of Familismo and acculturation on the association between history of family conflict and years of substance abuse on Latino males in recovery form substance use disorders. Methods: A total of 117 Latino male participants (Mage=37, 54% non-US born with a mean length of stay of 19 years in the US) who completed SAT from facilities located in the metro-politan area of Chicago completed self-report measures. A multiple moderation model using the PROCESS macrowas employed to examine the moderating effect of Familismo on the association between history of family conflict and years of substance abuse at different levels of acculturation (i.e., cultural orientation). Generational status (i.e., immigrant, US born) and age are used as covariates. Results:Results from the multiple moderation analysis show a significant three-way interac-tion (family conflict x Familismo x acculturation), indicating that participants with Latino and bicultural orientation who endorse average to high levels of Familismo have fewer years of substance abuse compared to those with US mainstream culture orientation and low Familismo. Dicussion: Findings illustrate the need for SAT that assesses for family conflict and integrates cultural aspects to reduce substance use behavior on Latino males.
References
Hayes AF. Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Con-ditional Process Analysis: A Regression-Based Approach. NY, USA: Guilford Press; 2013.
Amodeo M, Chassler D, Oettinger C, Labiosa W, Lundgren LM. Client retention in residential drug treatment for Lati-nos. Eval Program Plann. 2008; 31(1): 102-112. doi: 10.1016/j. evalprogplan.2007.05.008
Guerrero EG, Marsh JC, Duan L, Oh C, Perron B, Lee B. Disparities in completion of substance abuse treatment between and within racial and ethnic groups. Health Serv Res. 2013; 48(4): 1450-1467. doi: 10.1111/1475-6773.12031
Marsh JC, Cao D, Guerrero E, Shin HC. Need-service mat-ching in substance abuse treatment: Racial/ethnic differen-ces. Eval Program Plann. 2009; 32(1): 43-51. doi: 10.1016/j. evalprogplan.2008.09.003
Sahker E, Toussaint MN, Ramirez M, Ali SR, Arndt S. Eva-luating racial disparity in referral source and successful com-pletion of substance abuse treatment. Addict Behav. 2015; 48: 25-29. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.04.006
SAMHSA, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Ad-ministration. Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quali-ty. The NSDUH Report: Need for and Receipt of Substance Use Treatment among Hispanics. Rockville, MD, USA: SAMHSA; 2013.
SAMHSA, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Ad-ministration. Results from the 2013 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Summary of National Findings. Rockville, MD, USA: SAMHSA; 2014.
Mulia N, Ye Y, Greenfield TK, Zemore SE. Disparities in alcohol-related problems among White, Black, and Hispanic Americans. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2009; 33(4): 654-662. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2008.00880.x
Motel S, Patten E. Statistical Portrait of the Foreign-Born Population in the United States, 2011. Washington, DC, USA: Pew Research Center; 2013.
Acevedo A, Garnick D, Ritter G, Horgan, C, et al. Race/ ethnicity and quality indicators for outpatient treatment for sub-stance use disorders. Am J Addict. 2015; 24(6): 523-531. doi: 10.1111/ajad.12256
Schmidt L, Greenfield T, Mulia N. Unequal treatment: Racial and ethnic disparities in alcoholism treatment services. Alcohol Res Health. 2006; 29(1): 49-54. Web site. http://pubs.niaaa.nih. gov/publications/arh291/49-54.pdf. Accessed June 29th, 2016
Tonigan JS. Project match treatment participation and out-come by self-reported ethnicity. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2003; 27(8): 1340-1344. doi: 10.1097/01.ALC.0000080673.83739.F3
Mulvaney-Day N, DeAngelo D, Chen CN, Cook BL, Alegría M. Unmet need for treatment for substance use disorders across race and ethnicity. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2012; 125(Suppl 1): S44-S50. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.05.005
Alvarez J, Olson BD, Jason LA, Davis MI, Ferrari JR. Hete-rogeneity among Latinas and Latinos in substance abuse treat-ment: Findings from a national database. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2004; 26(4): 277-284. doi: 10.1016/j.jsat.2004.02.003
Castro FG, Barrera M, Pantin H, et al. Substance abuse pre-vention intervention research with Hispanic populations. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2006; 84: S29-S42. doi: 10.1016/j.drugal-cdep.2006.05.005
Bandura A. Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychol Rev. 1977; 84(2): 191-215. doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191
Hirschi T. Causes of Delinquency. Berkeley, CA, USA: Uni-versity of California Press; 1969.
Moos RH. Theory-based active ingredients of effective treat-ments for substance use disorders. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2007; 88(2-3): 109-121. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2006.10.010
Canino G, Vega WA, Sribney WM, et al. Social relation-ships, social assimilation, and substance-use disorders among adult Latinos in the US. J Drug Issues. 2008; 38(1): 69-101. doi: 10.1177/002204260803800104
Lipsky S, Caetano R. Epidemiology of substance abuse among Latinos. J Ethn Subst Abuse. 2009; 8(3): 242-260. doi: 10.1080/15332640903110435
Zemore SE, Mulia N, Yu Ye, Borges G, Greenfield TK. Gender, acculturation, and other barriers to alcohol treatment utilization among Latinos in three national alcohol surveys. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2009; 36(4): 446-456. doi: 10.1016/j. jsat.2008.09.005
Alegria M, Mulvaney-Day N, Torres M, et al. Prevalence of psychiatric disorders across Latino subgroups in the United States. Am J Public Health. 2007; 97(1): 68-75. doi: 10.2105/ AJPH.2006.087205
Rojas JI, Hallford G, Brand MW, Tivis LJ. Latino/as in sub-stance abuse treatment: substance use patterns, family history of addiction, and depression. J Ethn Subst Abuse. 2012; 11(1): 75-85. doi: 10.1080/15332640.2012.652530
Miranda J, Bernal G, Lau A, et al. State of the science on psychosocial interventions for ethnic minorities. Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2005; 1: 113-142. doi: 10.1146/annurev.clinp-sy.1.102803.143822
Castro FG, Alarcón EH. Integrating cultural variables into drug abuse prevention and treatment with racial/eth-nic minorities. J Drug Issues. 2002; 32(3): 783-810. doi: 10.1177/002204260203200304
Feinberg ME, Kan ML, Goslin MC. Enhancing coparenting, parenting, and child self-regulation: Effects of family founda-tions 1 year after birth. Prev Sci. 2009; 10(3): 276-285. doi: 10.1007/s11121-009-0130-4
Repetti RL, Taylor SE, Seeman TE. Risky families: Family social environments and the mental and physical health of of-fspring. Psychol Bull. 2002; 128(2): 330-366. doi: 10.1037/0033- 2909.128.2.330
Nash SG, McQueen A, Bray JH. Pathways to adolescent alcohol use: Family environment, peer influence, and paren-tal expectations. J Adolesc Health. 2005; 37(1): 19-28. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2004.06.004
Woods SB, Priest JB, Fish JN, Rodriguez JE, Denton WH. Relational discord in urban primary care: Prevalence rates and psychiatric comorbidities. J Health Care Poor Underserved. 2014; 25(2): 913-929. doi: 10.1353/hpu.2014.0101
Ellis B, Bernichon T, Yu P, Roberts T, Herrell JM. Effect of social support on substance abuse relapse in a residential tre-atment setting for women. Eval Program Plann. 2004; 27(2): 213-221. doi: 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2004.01.011
Priest JB, Denton W. Anxiety disorders and Latinos: The role of family cohesion and family discord. Hisp J Behav Sci. 2012; 34(4): 557-575. doi: 10.1177/0739986312459258
Fish JN, Maier CA, Priest JB. Substance abuse treatment response in a Latino sample: The influence of family con-flict. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2015; 49: 27-34. doi: 10.1016/j. jsat.2014.07.011
Gil A, Wagner E, Vega W. Acculturation, Familism, and alcohol use among Latino adolescent males: Longitudinal re-lations. J Community Psychol. 2000; 28(4): 443-458. doi: 10.1002/1520-6629(200007)28:4<443::AID-JCOP6>3.0.CO;-2-A
Sabogal F, Marín G, Otero-Sabogal R, Marín BV, Perez-Sta-ble EJ. Hispanic, familism and acculturation: What changes and what doesn’t? Hisp J Behav Sci. 1987; 9(4): 397-412. doi: 10.1177/07399863870094003
Wagner KD, Ritt-Olson A, Chou CP, et al. Associations between family structure, family functioning, and substance use among Hispanic/Latino adolescents. Psychol Addict Be-hav. 2010; 24(1): 98-108. doi: 10.1037/a0018497
Siatkowski AA. Hispanic acculturation: A concept analy-sis. J Transcult Nurs. 2007; 18(4): 316-323. doi: 10.1177/104 3659607305193
Chirkov V. Critical psychology of acculturation: What do we study and how do we study it, when we investigate accultu-ration? Int J Intercult Relat. 2009; 33(2): 94-105. doi: 10.1016/j. ijintrel.2008.12.004
De La Rosa MR, Holleran LK, Rugh D, MacMaster SA. Substance abuse among U. S. Latinos: A review of the literatu-re. J Soc Work Pract Addict. 2005; 5(1-2): 1-20. doi: 10.1300/ J160v5n01_01
Schwartz SJ, Unger JB, Zamboanga BL, Szapocznik J. Rethinking the concept of acculturation: Implications for theory and research. Am Psychol. 2010; 65(4): 237-251. doi: 10.1037/ a0019330
Amaro H, Arévalo S, Gonzalez G, Szapocznik J, Iguchi MY. Needs and scientific opportunities for research on substance abuse treatment among Hispanic adults. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2006; 84(1): S64-S75. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2006.05.008
Lopez-Tamayo R, Alvarez J, Jason LA. Testing a multidi-mensional acculturation model on Latinos who completed sub-stance abuse treatment. J Drug Abuse. 2016; 2(2): 1-8. Web site. http://drugabuse.imedpub.com/testing-a-multidimensional-ac-culturationmodel-on-latinos-who-completed-substanceabuse--treatment.pdf. Accessed June 29th, 2016
Contreras R, Alvarez J, DiGangi J, et al. No place like home: Examining a bilingual-bucultural, self run substance abuse reco-very home for Latinos. Glob J Community Psychol Pract. 2012; 3(3): 2-9.
Jason LA, DiGangi JA, Alvarez J, et al. Evaluating a bilingual voluntary community-based healthcare orga-nization. J Ethn Subst Abuse. 2013; 12(4): 321-338. doi: 10.1080/15332640.2013.836729
McLellan AT, Urschel HC, Blair J. Addiction severity index. J Subst Abuse Treat. 1997; 9: 199-213.
Amaro H, Larson MJ, Gampel J, Richardson E, Savage A, Wagler D. Racial/ethnic differences in social vulnerability among women with co-occurring mental health and substance abuse disorders: Implications for treatment services. J Commu-nity Psychol. 2005; 33: 495-511. doi: 10.1002/jcop.20065
Hser Y-I, Evans E, Huang D, Anglin DM. Relationship be-tween drug treatment services, retention, and outcomes. Psy-chiatr Serv. 2004; 55(7): 767-774. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.55.7.767
Butler SF, Redondo JP, Fernandez KC, Villapiano A. Vali-dation of the Spanish Addiction Severity Index Multimedia Ver-sion (S-ASI-MV). Drug Alcohol Depend. 2009; 99(1): 18-27. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2008.06.012
Marin G, Gamba RJ. A new mea surement of accultura-tion for Hispanics: The bi-dimensional acculturation scale for Hispanics (BAS). Hisp J Behav Sci. 1996; 18(3): 297-316. doi: 10.1177/07399863960183002
Tropp LR, Erkut S, Coll CG, Alarcon O, Vázquez García HA. Psychological acculturation: Development of a new measu-re for Puerto Ricans on the US mainland. Educ Psychol Meas. 1999; 59(2): 351-367. doi: 10.1177/00131649921969794
Ghorpade J, Lackritz J, Singh G. Psychological accultura-tion of ethnic minorities into White Anglo American Culture: Consequences and predictors. J Appl Soc Psychol. 2004; 34(6): 1208-1228. doi: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.2004.tb02004.x
Steidel AGL, Contreras JM. A new Familism scale for use with Latino populations. Hisp J Behav Sci. 2003; 25(3): 312- 330. doi: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.2004.tb02004.x
Barajas-Gonzalez RG, Brooks-Gunn J. Substance use dif-ferences among US-versus foreign-born adolescents testing pathways through family and peer influences. Hisp J Behav Sci. 2014; 36(4): 506-521. doi: 10.1177/0739986314551939
Lara M, Gamboa C, Kahramanian MI, Morales LS, Bautista DE. Acculturation and Latino health in the United States: A re-view of the literature and its sociopolitical context. Annu Rev Public Health. 2005; 26: 367-397. doi: 10.1146/annurev.publhe-alth.26.021304.144615
Vega WA, Rodriguez MA, Gruskin E. Health disparities in the Latino population. Epidemiol Rev. 2009; 31: 99-112. doi: 10.1093/epirev/mxp008
Festinger L. Conflict, Decision, and Dissonance. Stanford, CA, USA: Stanford University Press; 1964: 3.
Szapocznik J, Prado G, Burlew K, Williams RA, Santisteban DA. Drug abuse in African American and Hispanic adolescents: Culture, development and behavior. Ann Rev Clinical Psychol. 2007; 3: 77-105. doi: 10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.3.022806.091408
Bernal G. Saenz-Santiago E. Culturally centered psychoso-cial interventions. J Community Psychol. 2006; 34(2): 121-132. doi: 10.1002/jcop.20096
Zimmerman MA, Rappaport J. Citizen participation, per-ceived control, and psychological empowerment. Am J Commu-nity Psychol. 1988; 16(5): 725-750. doi: 10.1007/BF00930023
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
All content published in Public Health - Open Journal (PHOJ) is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). This license allows anyone to copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt the work — including for commercial purposes — provided appropriate credit is given to the original author(s) and source.