Reflexion about Pediatrics, Anesthesia and Education in Pediatric Anesthesia in Colombia and South America
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17140/PNNOJ-2-107Keywords:
Children, Mortality, Education, Anesthesia, South AmericaAbstract
Latin America is a region with large changes in the last decade with the purpose of improving
its political, economic, social and cultural situation. It must face a series of challenges
to improve safety, health and education for people. This situation is no different in medical
education and the way in which health systems operate in the region. The aim of this article is
to reflect the global situation from the pediatric anesthesia perspective and to analyze important
aspects as health, infant mortality, poverty and education opportunities in Latin America. After
a thorough investigation to collect some statistics from this region, different web pages and official
government websites were consulted to get a diagnosis of the situation of pediatrics and
pediatric anesthesia in Colombia and South America; its challenges and the current projects
from different countries with the goal to improve education and ensure better living conditions
for children in this region of the world.
References
Colombia. Data. Available in: http://data.worldbank.org/coun-try/colombia 2015; Accessed November 24th, 2014.
We can end poverty. Millennium development goals and be-yond 2015. Available in: http://www.un.org/es/millenniumgoals 2015; Accessed November 28th, 2014.
DANE. National Statistical System. Available in: http://www. dane.gov.co 2015; Accessed November 28th, 2014.
Birth rate (births/1,000 population). Available in: http://www. indexmundi.com/g/r.aspx?v=25 2012; Accessed November 28th, 2014.
Distribution of the Word population to mild 2014. Available in: http://www.statista.com/statistics/237584/distribution-of-the-world-population-by-continent/ 2014; Accessed November 28th, 2014.
Reduce child mortality, objective 4. Available in: http://www. pnud.org.co/img_upload/9056f18133669868e1cc381983d50fa a/reducir_la_mortalidad_infantil.pdf 2005; Accessed November 28th, 2014.
Child mortality rate in some parts of Colombia as high as in Africa. Available in: http://www.colombiareports.co Accessed December 2nd, 2014.
Infant mortality 2000-2005. Available in: http://www.minsa-lud.gov.co/estadisticas 2015; Accessed December 2nd, 2014.
Analysis of health status. Colombia 2013. Available in: http:// www.minsalud.gov.co/sites/rid/Lists/BibliotecaDigital/RIDE/ VS/ED/PSP/ASIS%2024022014.pdf Accessed December 2th, 2014.
Internal displacement in Colombia. Available in: http://www. acnur.org/t3/operaciones/situacion-colombia/desplazamiento-interno-en-colombia/ 2011; Accessed November 2th, 2014.
Poverty index in Colombia. Available in: http://wsp.presi-dencia.gov.co/bogota/prensa/2013/Zolip 2015; Accessed De-cember 3th, 2014.
The poorest countries in Latin America. Available in: http:// www.adnpolitico.com Accessed December 3th, 2014.
Under-five mortality rate by region, 1970-2011 (per 1,000 live births). Available in: http://blogs.worldbank.org/opendata/ node/544 2012; Accessed December 2th, 2014.
Missing anesthesiologists in Colombia? Available: http:// www.scare.org.co/scare/repositorio/pdf/articulo_scare.pdf Ac-cessed February 6th, 2014.
Navarro JR, Eslava JH. Most anesthesiologists are required in Colombia? Rev Colomb Anestesiol. 2014; 42: 245-246.
Echeverry PC. Promote research in pediatric anesthesia. Rev Colomb Anestesiol. 2014; 42: 73-75.
Calabrese D. Anesthesiologist labor scenario in Latin Amer-ica. CLASA 1995. Available in: http://www.anestesia.org.ar/ search/articulos_completos/2/14/689/c.php Accessed 2013.
Colombian Association of clinics and hospitals. Available in: http://www.achc.org.co, 2015; Accessed December 3th, 2014.
Campos-Miño S1, Sasbón JS, Von Dessauer B. Pediatric intensive care in Latin America. Med Intensiva. 2012; 36(1): 3-10.
Halpern NA1, Pastores SM. Critical care medicine in the United States 2000-2005: an analysis of bed numbers, occu-pancy rates, payer mix, and costs. Crit Care Med. 2010; 38(1): 65-71.
Rhodes A, Ferdinande P, Falltten H, Guidet B, Metnitz PG, Moreno RP. The variability of critical care bed number in Eu-rope. Intensive Care Med. 2012; 38: 1647-1653.
Villamizar HA. Units neonatal intensive care and pediatric in Colombia, What's behind an unusual increase in supply? Avail-able In: http://www.scp.com.co/ArchivosSCP/Boletines/www. scp.com.co/BancoConocimiento/U/uci/uci.html Accessed De-cember 5th, 2015.
UNAM. Portfolio assessment skills from courses in medi-cal specialties. Available in: http://www.facmed.unam.mx/esco-lares/principal/pagina/ingresopos.php Accessed December 15th, 2014.
WFSA Fellowship training programs. Accessed Decem-ber 12th, 2014. Available in: http://www.wfsahq.org/training-programs/50-wfsa-fellowship-training-programs
Population of children in Latin America - August 2012. Avail-able in: http://portal.unesco.org/geography/es/ev.php-URL_ ID=15895&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201. html 2012; Accessed December 15th, 2014.
Braz LG, Módolo NS, do Nascimento P Jr, et al. Periopera-tive cardiac arrest: a study of 53,718 anesthetics over 9 yr from a Brazilian teaching hospital. Br J Anaesth. 2006; 96(5): 569-575. doi: 10.1093/bja/ael065
Aguirre MM. Paro cardiaco perioperatorio. Rev Chil Anest. 2012; 41:13-17.
Confederacion Latinoamericana de Sociedades de Anestesi-ología. Available in: http://www.clasa-anestesia.org/site/version/ 2014; Accessed December 15th, 2014.
Educando S. Anestesia web 2. Available in: http://www. anestesiaweb2.com/contenidos/ 2011; Accessed December 15th, 2014.
Linston DE, Jimenez N. Promoción de la investigación en anestesiología pediátrica. Rev Colomb Anestesiol. 2014; 42: 120-123. doi: 10.1016/j.rca.2013.12.001
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
All content published in Pediatrics and Neonatal Nursing (PNN) is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). This license allows anyone to copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt the work — including for commercial purposes — provided appropriate credit is given to the original author(s) and source.