Pediatric and Neonatal Malnutrition: A Collaborative, Family-Centered Approach Improves Outcomes

Authors

  • Dena L. Goldberg Clinical Dietitian II, Carilion Children’s, 1906 Belleview Avenue, Roanoke, VA 24014, USA
  • Holly A. Van Poots Be Balanced Nutrition, LLC, 620 Neff Avenue, Harrisonburg, VA 22801, USA

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17140/PNNOJ-6-e008

Abstract

Assessment of nutritional status and ensuring adequate nutrient intake are essential components of health care for infants and children who are ill. Pediatric malnutrition is defined as “an imbalance between nutrient requirement and intake, resulting in cumulaive deficits of energy, protein, or micronutrients that may negatively affect growth, development, and other relevant outcomes.

References

Mehta NM, Corkins MR, Lyman B, et al. Defining pedi-atric malnutrition: A paradigm shift toward etiology-related definitions. J Parenter Enter Nutr. 2013; 37(4): 460-481. doi: 10.1177/0148607113479972

Corkins MR. Why is diagnosing pediatric malnutri-tion important?. Nutr Clin Pract. 2017; 32(1): 15-18. doi: 10.1177/0884533616678767

Carvalho-Salemi J, Salemi JL, Wong-Vega MR, et al. Malnutri-tion among hospitalized children in the United States: Changing prevalence, clinical correlates, and practice patterns between 2002 and 2011. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2018; 118: 40-51. e7. doi: 10.0.3.248/j. jand.2017.02.015

Becker PJ, Nieman Carney L, Corkins MR, et al. Consensus statement of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics/American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition: Indicators recom-mended for the identification and documentation of pediatric mal-nutrition (undernutrition). J Acad Nutr Diet. 2014; 114: 1988-2000. doi: 10.0.3.248/j.jand.2014.08.026

Ehrenkranz RA, Dusick AM, Vohr BR, Wright LL, Wrage LA, Poole WK. Growth in the neonatal intensive care unit influences neurodevelopmental and growth outcomes of extremely low birth weight infants. Pediatrics. 2006; 117(4): 1253-1261. doi: 10.1542/ peds.2005-1368

Shah PS, Wong KY, Merko S, et al. Postnatal growth failure in preterm infants: Ascertainment and relation to long-term outcome. J Perinat Med. 2006; 34(6): 484-489. doi: 10.1515/JPM.2006.094

Zozaya C, Díaz C, Saenz de Pipaón M. How should we define postnatal growth restriction in preterm infants?. Neonatology. 2018; 114(2): 177-180. doi: 10.0.4.135/000489388

Compher C, Mehta NM. Diagnosing malnutrition: Where are we and where do we need to go? J Acad Nutr Diet. 2016; 116: 779-784. doi: 10.0.3.248/j.jand.2016.02.001

Georgieff MK, Ramel SE, Cusick SE. Nutritional influences on brain development. Acta Paediatr. 2018; 107(8): 1310-1321. doi:

1111/apa.14287 10. Weisglas-Kuperus N, Hille ETM, Duivenvoorden HJ, et al. In-telligence of very preterm or very low birthweight infants in young adulthood. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2009; 94(3): F196- F200. doi: 10.1136/adc.2007.135095

Latal-Hajnal B, von Siebenthal K, Kovari H, Bucher HU, Largo RH. Postnatal growth in VLBW infants: Significant association with neurodevelopmental outcome. J Pediatr. 2003; 143(2): 163- 170. doi: 10.1067/S0022-3476(03)00243-9

Kan E, Roberts G, Anderson PJ, Doyle LW. The association of growth impairment with neurodevelopmental outcome at eight years of age in very preterm children. Early Hum Dev. 2008; 84: 409-416. doi: 10.0.3.248/j.earlhumdev.2007.11.002

Franz AR, Pohlandt F, Bode H, et al. Intrauterine, early neona-tal, and postdischarge growth and neurodevelopmental outcome at 5.4 years in extremely preterm infants after intensive neonatal nu-tritional support. Pediatrics. 2009; 123(1): e101-e109. doi: 10.1542/ peds.2008-1352

Benson Szekely LJ, Thompson M. Nutrition assessment. In: Groh-Wargo S, Thompson M, Hovasi Cox J, eds. Academy of Nutri-tion and Dietetics Pocket Guide to Neonatal Nutrition, 2nd Edn . Chicago, IL: 2016: 1-31.

Claas MJ, de Vries LS, Koopman C, et al. Postnatal growth of preterm born children ≤750 g at birth. Early Hum Dev. 2011; 87: 495-507. doi: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2011.04.009

Belfort MB, Rifas-Shiman S, Sullivan T, et al. Infant growth before and after term: Effects on neurodevelopment in preterm Editorial | Volume 6 | Number 1| Goldberg DL et al infants. Pediatrics. 2011; 128(4): e899-e906. doi: 10.1542/peds.2011- 0282

Ramel SE, Demerath EW, Gray HL, Younge N, Boys C, Geor-gieff MK. The relationship of poor linear growth velocity with neonatal illness and two-year neurodevelopment in preterm in-fants. Neonatology. 2012; 102(1): 19-24. doi: 10.1159/000336127

Leppanen M, Lapinleimu H, Lind A, et al. Antenatal and post-natal growth and 5-year cognitive outcome in very preterm infants. Pediatrics. 2014; 133(1): 63-70. doi: 10.1542/peds.2013-1187

Belfort MB, Gillman MW, Buka SL, Casey PH, McCormick MC. Preterm infant linear growth and adiposity gain: Trade-Offs for later weight status and intelligence quotient. J Pediatr. 2013; 163: 1564-1569. e2. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2013.06.032

Sammallahti S, Pyhälä R, Lahti M, et al. Infant growth after preterm birth and neurocognitive abilities in young adulthood. J Pe-diatr. 2014; 165: 1109-1115. e3. doi: 10.0.3.248/j.jpeds.2014.08.028

Ong KK, Kennedy K, Castaneda-Gutierrez E, et al. Postnatal growth in preterm infants and later health outcomes: A system-atic review. Acta Paediatr. 2015; 104(10): 974-986. doi: 10.1111/ apa.13128

Chien H-C, Chen C-H, Wang T-M, Hsu Y-C, Lin M-C. Neuro-developmental outcomes of infants with very low birth weights are associated with the severity of their extra-uterine growth retarda-tion. Pediatr Neonatol. 2017. doi: 10.0.3.248/j.pedneo.2017.08.003

Schneider J, Fischer Fumeaux CJ, Duerden EG, et al. Nutrient intake in the first two weeks of life and brain growth in preterm neonates. Pediatrics. 2018; 141(3). pii: e20172169. doi: 10.1542/ peds.2017-2169

Genoni G, Binotti M, Monzani A, et al. Nonrandomised inter-ventional study showed that early aggressive nutrition was effective in reducing postnatal growth restriction in preterm infants. Acta Paediatr. 2017; 106(10): 1589-1595. doi: 10.1111/apa.13958

Stephens BE, Walden R V, Gargus RA, et al. First-week protein and energy intakes are associated with 18-month developmental outcomes in extremely low birth weight infants. Pediatrics. 2009; 123(5): 1337-1343. doi: 10.1542/peds.2008-0211

Hiltunen H, Löyttyniemi E, Isolauri E, Rautava S. Early nutrition and growth until the corrected age of 2 years in ex-tremely preterm infants. Neonatology. 2018; 113(2): 100-107. doi: 10.1159/000480633

Paviotti G, De Cunto A, Zennaro F, et al. Higher growth, fat and fat-free masses correlate with larger cerebellar volumes in preterm infants at term. Acta Paediatr. 2017; 106(6): 918-925. doi: 10.1111/apa.13829

Raghuram K, Yang J, Church PT, et al. Head growth trajectory and neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm neonates. Pediatrics. e3 2017; 140(1): 1-10. doi: 10.1542/peds.2017-0216

Pfister KM, Gray HL, Miller NC, Demerath EW, Georgieff MK, Ramel SE. Exploratory study of the relationship of fat-free mass to speed of brain processing in preterm infants. Pediatr Res. 2013; 74(5): 576-583. doi: 10.1038/pr.2013.138

Pfister KM, Ramel SE. Linear growth and neurodevelopmen-tal outcomes. Clin Perinatol. 2014; 41: 309-321. doi: 10.1016/j. clp.2014.02.004

Watanabe Y, Itabashi K, Taki M, Miyazawa T, Nakano Y, Mu-rase M. Body length and occipitofrontal circumference may be good indicators of neurodevelopment in very low birthweight in-fants - secondary publication. Acta Paediatr. 2018; 107(6): 975-980. doi: 10.1111/apa.14250

Ramel SE, Gray HL, Ode KL, Younge N, Georgieff MK, Demerath EW. Body composition changes in preterm infants following hospital discharge: comparison with term infants. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2011; 53(3): 333-338. doi: 10.1097/ MPG.0b013e3182243aa7

Johnson MJ, Wootton SA, Leaf AA, Jackson AA. Preterm birth and body composition at term equivalent age: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Pediatrics. 2012; 130(3): e640-e649. doi: 10.1542/ peds.2011-3379

Cooke RJ, Griffin I. Altered body composition in preterm in-fants at hospital discharge. Acta Paediatr. 2009; 98(8): 1269-1273. doi: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2009.01354.x

Olhager E, Tornqvist C. Body composition in late preterm in-fants in the first 10 days of life and at full term. Acta Paediatr. 2014; 103(7): 737-743. doi: 10.1111/apa.12632

Rochow N, Fusch G, Mühlinghaus A, et al. A nutritional pro-gram to improve outcome of very low birth weight infants. Clin Nutr. 2012; 31: 124-131. doi: 10.0.3.248/j.clnu.2011.07.004

Senterre T, Rigo J. Optimizing early nutritional support based on recent recommendations in VLBW infants and postnatal growth restriction. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2011; 53(5): 536-542. doi: 10.1097/MPG.0b013e31822a009d

Graziano PD, Tauber KA, Cummings J, Graffunder E, Horgan MJ. Prevention of postnatal growth restriction by the implementa-tion of an evidence-based premature infant feeding bundle. J Peri-natol. 2015; 35(8): 642-649. doi: 10.1038/jp.2015.35

Senterre T, Rigo J. Reduction in postnatal cumulative nutri-tional deficit and improvement of growth in extremely preterm infants. Acta Paediatr. 2012; 101(2): e64-e70. doi: 10.1111/j.1651- 2227.2011.02443.x

Olsen IE, Richardson DK, Schmid CH, Ausman LM, Dwyer JT. Intersite differences in weight growth velocity of extremely pre-mature infants. Pediatrics. 2002; 110(6): 1125-1132. doi: 10.1542/ Submit your article to this journal | https://openventio.org/submit-manuscript/ e4 Goldberg DL et al peds.110.6.1125

Piris Borregas S, López Maestro M, Torres Valdivieso MJ, Mar-tínez Ávila JC, Bustos Lozano G, Pallás Alonso CR. Improving nutritional practices in premature infants can increase their growth velocity and the breastfeeding rates. Acta Paediatr. 2017; 106(5): 768-772. doi: 10.1111/apa.13788

Strommen K, Blakstad EW, Moltu SJ, et al. Enhanced nutrient supply to very low birth weight infants is associated with improved white matter maturation and head growth. Neonatology. 2015; 107(1): 68-75. doi: 10.1159/000368181

Blakstad EW, Strommen K, Moltu SJ, et al. Improved visual perception in very low birth weight infants on enhanced nutrient supply. Neonatology. 2015; 108(1): 30-37. doi: 10.1159/000381660

Moltu SJ, Blakstad EW, Strommen K, et al. Enhanced feeding and diminished postnatal growth failure in very-low-birth-weight infants. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2014; 58(3): 344-351. doi: 10.1097/MPG.0000000000000220

Blakstad EW, Moltu SJ, Nakstad B, et al. Enhanced nutrition improves growth and increases blood adiponectin concentrations in very low birth weight infants. Food Nutr Res. 2016; 60: 1-11. doi: 10.3402/fnr.v60.33171

Hans DM, Pylipow M, Long JD, Thureen PJ, Georgieff MK. Nutritional practices in the neonatal intensive care unit: analysis of a 2006 neonatal nutrition survey. Pediatrics. 2009; 123(1): 51-57. doi: 10.1542/peds.2007-3644

Andrews ET, Ashton JJ, Pearson F, Beattie RM, Johnson MJ. Early postnatal growth failure in preterm infants is not inevita-ble. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2018. doi: 10.1136/archdis-child-2018-315082

Goldberg DL, Becker PJ, Brigham K, et al. Identifying malnu-trition in preterm and neonatal populations: Recommended indi-cators. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2018; 118(9): 1571-1582. doi: 10.1016/j. jand.2017.10.006

Wood AJ, Raynes-Greenow C, Carberry AE, Jeffery HE. Neo-natal length inaccuracies in clinical practice and related percentile discrepancies detected by a simple length-board. J Paediatr Child Health. 2013; 49(3): 199-203. doi: 10.1111/jpc.12119

Pavageau L, Rosenfeld CR, Heyne R, et al. Valid serial length measurements in preterm infants permit characterization of growth patterns. J Perinatol. 2018; 38(12): 1694-1701. doi: 10.1038/ s41372-018-0242-4

Yakes Jimenez E, Abram J, Lamers-Johnson E, Steiber A. Baby steps toward improving the diagnosis and treatment of malnutri-tion in hospitalized pediatric patients: The Dietetics Practice-Based Research Network launches the malnutrition clinical characteristics validation and staffing optimization study. PNPG Building Block for Life. 2018; 41(3): 16-18.

Downloads

Published

2019-11-15

How to Cite

Dena L. Goldberg, & Holly A. Van Poots. (2019). Pediatric and Neonatal Malnutrition: A Collaborative, Family-Centered Approach Improves Outcomes. Pediatrics and Neonatal Nursing, 6(1), e1-e4. https://doi.org/10.17140/PNNOJ-6-e008