Climate-Smart Agriculture and Public Health Resilience: A Critical Review

Abstract

Climate change poses significant challenges to global food systems and public health, necessitating innovative and sustainable approaches to agriculture. Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) has emerged as a holistic framework that integrates agricultural productivity, climate adaptation, and mitigation strategies while enhancing resilience. This review critically examines the role of CSA in strengthening public health resilience, particularly in vulnerable and resource-limited communities. The study highlights how CSA practices, such as conservation agriculture, agroforestry, water-efficient irrigation, and climate-resilient crop varieties, contribute to improved food security, nutritional outcomes, and environmental sustainability. Additionally, the review explores the interconnections between climate change, agricultural practices, and health risks, including malnutrition, heat stress, vector-borne diseases, and water-related illnesses. CSA approaches can mitigate these risks by promoting sustainable resource use, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and enhancing ecosystem services. However, the adoption of CSA faces several challenges, including limited awareness, financial constraints, policy gaps, and socio-economic inequalities. The paper emphasizes the importance of integrated policies, capacity building, and community engagement in promoting CSA practices. Furthermore, it underscores the need for interdisciplinary collaboration among agricultural scientists, public health professionals, and policymakers to address climate-related health challenges effectively. CSA represents a promising pathway for achieving sustainable agriculture and resilient public health systems. Its widespread implementation can significantly contribute to global efforts aimed at combating climate change and improving population health outcomes