Impact of Nano-Fertilizer Application on Growth, Yield, and Cocoon Productivity of Mulberry (Morus spp.) in Sericulture Systems

Abstract

Nanotechnology has emerged as a transformative approach in sustainable agriculture, offering innovative solutions to improve nutrient use efficiency and crop productivity. The present study evaluates the impact of nano-fertilizer application on the growth, yield, and nutritional quality of mulberry (Morus spp.), along with its subsequent effects on silkworm (Bombyx mori) cocoon production. A field experiment was conducted using different concentrations of nano-fertilizers applied through foliar and soil treatments, alongside conventional fertilization and untreated control groups. Key growth parameters, including plant height, leaf area, and biomass accumulation, were recorded, while biochemical analyses assessed chlorophyll and protein content of the leaves. The results demonstrated a significant enhancement in mulberry growth and leaf quality under nano-fertilizer treatments, particularly at optimized concentrations. Improved chlorophyll content indicated enhanced photosynthetic efficiency, while increased protein levels suggested superior nutritional value of the leaves. When these leaves were fed to silkworms, notable improvements were observed in cocoon yield parameters, including cocoon weight, shell weight, and silk productivity. The enhanced performance of silkworms can be attributed to the improved nutritional profile of mulberry leaves grown under nano-fertilizer regimes, the findings highlight the potential of nano-fertilizers as an efficient and environmentally sustainable alternative to conventional fertilizers in sericulture. By improving both plant productivity and cocoon yield, nano-fertilizer-based nutrient management can contribute significantly to enhancing silk production and supporting sustainable agricultural practices. Further studies are recommended to standardize application protocols and evaluate long-term ecological impacts.