Current Trends in Chronic Kidney Disease

Authors

  • Adel E. Berbari, MD Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, P.O. Box 11-0236, Riad El Solh 1107 2020, Beirut, Lebanon
  • Najla Daouk, BS Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, P.O. Box 11-0236, Riad El Solh 1107 2020, Beirut, Lebanon
  • Majida Daouk, MD Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, P.O. Box 11-0236, Riad El Solh 1107 2020, Beirut, Lebanon

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17140/NPOJ-4-120

Keywords:

abnormalities, hypertension, determinants

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD), a major contributor to health care burden, is defined by persistent indicators of renal structural and
or functional abnormalities. Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and obesity are important causes of chronic renal functional impairment. Increased consumption of carbonated beverages, high salt intake, smoking, and in developing countries, environmental toxic
products, infections, pesticides, herbal medicines, use of contaminated water remain etiologic determinants of chronic nephropathy.
CKD remains a high risk for cardiovascular disease and end-stage renal failure. Awareness by the public and healthcare providers of
its determinants and its prognostic significance can prevent or reduce the development of CKD. In addition, adequate glycemic and
blood pressure control preferably with blockers of the renin Angiotensin system are required therapeutic approaches. Acute kidney
injury, a common complication of critically patients is associated with high mortality and, in survivals, of increased risk of CKD.

References

Jaa V, Garcia-Garcia G, Iseiki K, et al. Chronic kidney disease: Global dimension and perspectives. Lancet. 2013; 382(9888): 260- 272. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60687-X

Eckardt KU, Coresh J, Devuyst O et al. Evolving importance of kidney disease: from subspecialty to global health burden. Lancet. 2013; 382(9887): 158-169. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60439-0

Atkins RC. The epidemiology of chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int Suppl. 2005; (94): S14-S18. doi: 10.1111/j.1523- 1755.2005.09403.x

Hill NR, Fatoba ST, Oke JL et al. Global prevalence of chronic kidney disease- A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2016; 11(7): e0158765. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158765

Boutayeb A. The double burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases in developing countries. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2006; 100(3): 191-199. doi: 10.1016/j.trstmh.2005.07.021

Gansevoort RT, Carrea-Rotter R, Hemmelgam BR et al. Chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular risk: Epidemiology, mechanisms, and prevention. Lancet. 2013; 382(9889): 339-352. doi: 10.1016/ S0140-6736(13)60595-4

Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Work Group. KDIGO clinical practice guideline for evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int Suppl. 2013; 3(1): 1-163.

Go AS1, Chertow GM, Fan D, McCulloch CE, Hsu CY. Chronic kidney disease and risks of death, cardiovascular events and hospitalization. N Engl J Med. 2004; 351(13): 1296-1305. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa041031

De Nicola L, Zoccali C. Chronic kidney disease prevalence in the general population: Heterogeneity and concerns. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2006; 31(3): 331-335. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfv427

Hsu RK, Powe NR. Recent trends in the prevalence of chronic kidney disease: not the same old song. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2017; 26(3): 187-196. doi: 10.1097/MNH.0000000000000315

Stanifer JW, Muiru A, Jafar TH, Patel UD. Chronic kidney disease in low-and middle-income countries. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2016; 31(6): 868-874. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfv466

Shaheen FA, Al-Khader AA. Preventive strategies of renal failure in the Arab world. Kidney Int Suppl. 2005; (98): S37-S40. doi: 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.09807.x

Garg AX, Kiberd BA, Clark WF, Haynes RB, Clase CM. Albuminuria and renal insufficiency prevalence guides population screening: Results from the NHANES III. Kidney Int. 2002; 61(6): 2165-2175. doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2002.00356.x

Chadhan SJ, Briganti EM, Kerr PG, et al. Prevalence of kidney damage in Australian adults: The AusDiab kidney study. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2003; 14(suppl 2): S131-S138.

Carrero JJ, Hecking M, Chesnaye NC, Jager KJ. Sex and gender disparities in the epidemiology and outcomes of chronic kidney disease. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2018; 14: 151-164. doi: 10.1038/ nrneph.2017.181

National Kidney Foundation. K/DOQI Clinical practice guidelines for chronic kidney disease: Evaluation, classification and stratification. Am J Kidney Dis. 2002; 39 (2 suppl1): S1-266.

Levey AS, De Jong PE, Coresh J, et al. The definition, classification and prognosis of chronic kidney disease: A KDIGO controversies conference report. Kidney Int. 2011; 80(1): 17-28. doi: 10.1038/ki.2010.483

O’Callaghan CA, Shine B, Lasserson DS. Chronic kidney disease: A large-scale population-based study of the effects of introducing the CKD-EPI formula for eGFR reporting. BMJ Open. 2011; 1(2): e000308. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2011-000308

Orth SR, Hallan SI. Smoking: a risk factor for progression of 14 Berbari AE et al chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in renal patients-absence of evidence or evidence of absence?. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2008; 3(1): 226-236. doi: 10.2215/CJN.03740907

Cutler JA, Sorlie PD, Wolz M, et al. Trends in hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment and control in United States adults between 1988-1994 and 1999-2004. Hypertension. 2008; 52: 818-827. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.108.113357

Jha V. End-stage renal care in developing countries: The India experience. Ren Fail. 2004; 26(3): 201-208. doi: 10.1081/JDI-

Ayodele OE, Alebiosu CO. Burden of chronic kidney disease: an international perspective. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 2010; 17(3): 215-224. doi: 10.1053/j.ackd.2010.02.001

Peixoto AJ, Orias M, Desir GV. Does kidney disease cause hypertension?. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2013; 15(2): 89-94. doi: 10.1007/ s11906-013-0327-6

Kaplan NM, Renal parenchymal hypertension. In: Kaplan NM , Ed. Clinical hypertension. 9th edition. Philadelphia, US: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. 2006. 325-346.

Jha V, Rathi M. Natural medicines causing acute kidney injury. Semin Nephrol. 2008; 28(4): 416-428. doi: 10.1016/j. semnephrol.2008.04.010

Debelle FD, Vanherweghem JL, Nortier JL. Aristolochic acid nephropathy: a worldwide problem. Kidney Int. 2008; 74: 158-169. doi: 10.1038/ki.2008.129

Kao WH, Klag MJ, Meoni LA, et al. MYH9 is associated with non-diabetic end-stage renal disease in African Americans. Nat Genet. 2008; 40(10): 1185-1192. doi: 10.1038/ng.232

Kanji Z, Powe CE, Wenger JB, et al. Genetic variation in Apoli associates with younger age at hemodialysis initiation. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2011; 22(11): 2091-2097. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2010121234

Steinman TI. Polycystic kidney disease: A 2011 update. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2012; 21(2): 189-194. doi: 10.1097/ MNH.0b013e32835011a7

Chapman AB, Stepniakowski K, Rahbari-Oskoui F. Hypertension in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 2010; 17(2): 153-163. doi: 10.1053/j. ackd.2010.01.001

Kiser M, Liu L, Eisele G, et al. Survival analysis in the multi center RRI-CKD study. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2004; 15: 319A (abstract).

Hemmelgarn BR, Clement F, Manns BJ, et al. Overview of the Alberta Kidney Disease Network. BMC Nephrol. 2009; 10: 30. doi: 10.1186/1471-2369-10-30

Franco OH, Steyerberg EW, Hu FB, Mackenbach J, Nusselder Review | Volume 4 | Number 1| W. Associations of diabetes mellitus with total life expectancy and life expectancy with and without cardiovascular disease. Arch Intern Med. 2007; 167(11): 1145-1151. doi: 10.1001/archinte.167.11.1145

Franco OH, Peeters A, Bonneux L, de Laet C. Blood pressure in adulthood and life expectancy with cardiovascular disease in men and women: life course analysis. Hypertension. 2005; 46(2): 280- 286. doi: 10.1161/01.HYP.0000173433.67426.9b

Wen CP, Cheng TYD, Tsai MK, et al. All-cause mortality attributable to chronic kidney disease: A prospective cohort study based on 462293 adults in Taiwan. Lancet. 2008; 371(9631): 2173- 2182. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60952-6

Gansevoort RT, Matsoshita K, van der Velde M, et al. Lower estimated GFR and higher albuminuria are associated with adverse kidney outcomes. A collaborative meta-analysis of general and high-risk population cohorts. Kidney Int. 2011; 80(1): 91-104. doi: 10.1038/ki.2010.531

Cirillo M, Laurenzi M, Mancini M, Zanchetti A, Lombardi C, De Santo NG. Low glomerular filtration in the population: Prevalence, associated disorders and awareness. Kidney Int. 2006; 70(4): 800-806. doi: 10.1038/sj.ki.5001641

Perlman RL, Finkelstein FO, Liu L, et al. Quality of life in chronic kidney disease (CKD): A cross-sectional analysis in the Renal Research Institute-CKD study. Am J Kidney Dis. 2005; 45(4): 658-666. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2004.12.021

United States Renal Data System. USRDS 2010 annual data report. Atlas of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease in the United States. National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, Bethesda, MD. 2010, 1: 1-16.

McClellan WM, Anson C, Birkeli K, Tuttle E. Functional status and quality of life: Predictors of early mortality among patients entering treatment for end-stage renal disease. J Clin Epidemio. 1991; 44(1): 83-89. doi: 10.1016/0895-4356(91)90204-M

Tonelli M, Muntner P, Lloyd A, et al. Risk of coronary events in people with chronic kidney disease compared with those with diabetes: A population level cohort study. Lancet. 2012; 380: 807- 814. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60572-8

Levin A, Singer J, Thompson CR, Ross H, Lewis M. Prevalent LVH in the predialysis population: Identifying opportunities for intervention. Am J Kidney Dis. 1996; 27(3): 347-354. doi: 10.1016/ S0272-6386(96)90357-1

Pannier B, Guerin AP, Marchais SJ, Safar ME, London GM. Stiffness of capacitive and conduit arteries: prognostic significance for end-stage renal disease patients. Hypertension. 2005; 45(4): 592- 596. doi: 10.1161/01.HYP.0000159190.71253.c3 Submit your article to this journal | https://openventio.org/submit-manuscript/ Review | Volume 4 | Number 1| Berbari AE et al

Schiffrin EL, Lipman ML, Mann JF. Chronic kidney disease: effects on the cardiovascular system. Circulation. 2007; 116(1): 85- 97. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.678342

Berbari AE. Links between chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease: A bidirectional relationship. In: Berbari AE, Mancia G, Eds. Cardiorenal Syndrome: Mechanisms, Risk and Treatment. Springer-Verlag Italia; 2010: 3-14.

Kielstein JT, Zoccali C. Asymmetric dimethylarginine: A cardiovascular risk and a uremic toxin coming of age?. Am J Kidney Dis. 2005; 46(2): 186-202. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2005.05.009

Ketteler M, Schlieper G, Floege J. Calcification and cardiovascular health: new insights into an old phenomenon. Hypertension. 2006; 47(6): 1027-1034. doi: 10.1161/01.HYP.0000219635.51844.da

Helvig CF, Cuerrier D, Hosfield CM. Dysregulation of renal vitamin D metabolism in the uremic rat. Kidney Int. 2010; 78(5): 463-472 . doi: 10.1038/ki.2010.168

Ravera M, Noberasco G, Weiss U, et al. CKD awareness and blood pressure control in the primary care hypertensive population. Am J Kidney Dis. 2011; 57(1): 71-77. doi: 10.1053/j. ajkd.2010.08.022

Palmer AJ, Valentine WJ, Chen R, et al. A health economic analysis of screening and optimal treatment of nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension in the USA. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2008; 23(4): 1216-1223. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfn082

Huang X, Jimenez-Moleon JJ, Lindholm B, et al. Mediterranean diet, kidney function and mortality in men with CKD. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2013; 8(9): 1548-1555. doi: 10.2215/CJN.01780213

Estruch R, Ros E, Salas-Salvado J, et al. Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with a Mediterranean diet. N Engl J Med. 2013; 368(14): 1279-1290. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1200303

Bonaccio M, Di Castelnuovo A, Costanzo S et al. Adherence to the traditional Mediterranean diet and mortality in subjects with diabetes. Prospective results from the MOLI-SANI study. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2016; 23(4): 400-407. doi: 10.1177/2047487315569409

Belayev LY, Palevsky PM. The link between acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2014; 23(2): 149-154. doi: 10.1097/01.mnh.0000441051.36783.f

KDIGO clinical practice guideline for acute kidney injury. Kidney Int Supplements. 2012; 2(1): 8-12. doi: 10.1038/kisup.2012.1

Coca SG, Singanamala S, Parikh CR. Chronic kidney disease after acute kidney injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Kidney Int. 2012; 81(5): 442-448. doi: 10.1038/ki.2011.379

Downloads

Published

2018-11-29

How to Cite

Adel E. Berbari, MD, Najla Daouk, BS, & Majida Daouk, MD. (2018). Current Trends in Chronic Kidney Disease. Nephrology, 7–15. https://doi.org/10.17140/NPOJ-4-120

Issue

Volume 4 Issue 1 2018

Section

Articles

License

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

All content published in Nephrology (NOJ) is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). This license allows anyone to copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt the work — including for commercial purposes — provided appropriate credit is given to the original author(s) and source.

Most read articles by the same author(s)