Targeted Bone and Cardiovascular Support through Novel Liposomal Calcium Nutraceutical Systems

Abstract

Liposomal delivery systems represent a transformative shift in nutraceutical engineering, specifically in resolving the pharmacokinetic limitations that lead to the "calcium paradox"—a state where skeletal mineral deficiency occurs alongside deleterious ectopic vascular calcification. This review evaluates the shift from macro-scale mineral salts to nano-encapsulated systems, focusing on their ability to mimic biological membranes and utilise alternative absorption pathways such as endocytosis and paracellular transport. By maintaining a controlled, sustained release of calcium, these systems bypass traditional rate-limiting transporters, thereby preventing transient hypercalcemia and the subsequent phenotypic switching of vascular cells into osteoblast-like cells. The review further examines the essential role of co-factors like Vitamin D3 and K2 in governing the bone-vascular axis. Technical validation is further provided by highlighting the published study of West Bengal Chemical Industries Ltd., Kolkata, India (WBCIL) on the formulation of stable liposomal calcium, which demonstrates an encapsulation efficiency of 88% and a uniform particle size of 142.5 nm. Ultimately, this article establishes that liposomal technology provides a dual-action mechanism for enhancing bone mineral density while simultaneously safeguarding cardiovascular health