Changes in Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate, Biochemical and Hematological Profile of Workers in Spray Painting Industry: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Introduction
There is a global increase in occupational exposure to solvents, some of which are suspected to cause acute or chronic toxic
nephropathies in humans. However, limited studies have been done to evaluate the systemic effects of exposure to some of the
commonly used solvents such as paints.
Aim
The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of chronic exposure to paint fumes on renal and hepatic functions of industrial spray painters.
Methodology
In this cross-sectional study, 49 occupationally exposed male industrial spray painters who had served for greater than 5 years
were evaluated for changes in renal, hepatic and hematological indices using standard instruments and results were compared with
levels in the unexposed (sex and age-matched) participants.
Results
Significant changes in markers of renal, hepatic and hematological functions were observed in the exposed compared with unexposed participants including significant decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and serum levels of potassium
(K+) and chloride (Cl-
), and significant increases in serum levels of creatinine (Cr), sodium (Na+), urea (Ur) and uric acid (UA) in
the exposed compared to levels in the unexposed group. Abnormal serum levels of hepatic enzymes (AST, ALT and ALP) and
hematological indices (PCV, total-RBC, nuetrophils, basophils, monocytes and lymphocytes) were also observed in the exposed
compared to levels in the unexposed participants.
Conclusion
Prolonged exposure to paint fumes may be associated with a significant risk for hepato-renal dysfunction and hematotoxicity.
Preventive measures should include limiting exposure and using antioxidant medications.