Corrections & Retractions

Anesthesiology (AOJ) is committed to maintaining the accuracy and integrity of the published scientific record, in accordance with Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) guidelines on corrections and retractions.

Corrections

Where a published article is found to contain a significant error that affects the scientific interpretation of the work — but does not undermine the overall validity of the study — the journal will publish a formal correction (erratum). The correction will clearly identify the nature of the error, the correct information, and will be linked to the original article. The original article will remain published, alongside a clear notation directing readers to the correction, consistent with the journal's Archiving Policy.

Minor Corrections

Minor errors that do not affect the scientific interpretation of the work (such as typographical errors or minor formatting issues) may be corrected directly within the published version, with the date of correction noted where appropriate.

Retractions

An article may be retracted where there is clear evidence of:

• Unreliable findings resulting from major error, fabrication, or falsification of data
• Plagiarism or duplicate publication (see Plagiarism Policy)
• Unethical research, including failure to obtain appropriate ethical approval or informed consent (see Ethical Approvals & Human/Animal Rights)
• Other serious violations of publication ethics (see Research Misconduct & Sanctions)

Retracted articles remain accessible on the journal's website but are clearly marked as "Retracted," with an accompanying retraction notice explaining the reason for retraction, in accordance with COPE's Retraction Guidelines.

Expressions of Concern

Where an allegation of misconduct or a significant error is under investigation but not yet resolved, the journal may publish an Expression of Concern to alert readers to the ongoing review, pending a final determination.

Author-Requested Corrections

Authors who identify an error in their own published work are encouraged to contact the editorial office promptly to request a correction. Author-initiated corrections follow the same editorial review process as corrections identified by others.

Process

All correction and retraction decisions are made by the Editor-in-Chief, following a review of the available evidence and, where appropriate, consultation with the author(s) and their affiliated institution, consistent with the journal's Editorial Process.