Precision Drugs are Needed for Precision Medicine to Work
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17140/CSMMOJ-8-134Keywords:
Precision medicine, Precision drugs, Molecular targetsAbstract
Precision medicine (PM) tailors disease prevention and treatment to people’s genes, environments, and lifestyles, claiming to target
the right treatments for the right patients at the right time. However, it needs precision drugs with molecular structures that
interact with precisely defined disease targets to do so.
References
Collins FS. Shattuck lecture — medical and societal con-sequences of the human genome project. N Engl J Med. 1999; 341(1): 28-37. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199907013410106
Wade N. A Decade Later, Genetic Map Yields Few New Cures. The New York Times. The New York Times. June 12, 2010: https://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/13/health/ research/13genome.html. Accessed December 20, 2018.
Francis S. Collins (@NIHDirector), “I am here at the #Join-Allof Us Twitter chat! Ask me questions on #PrecisionMedicine & the @AllofUsResearch Program for the next 30 minutes,” Perspective | Volume 8 | Number 1| Cancer Stud Mol Med Open J. 2023; 8(1): 1-3. doi: 10.17140/CSMMOJ-8-134 Twitter, May 8, 2018, 10:31 am. https://twitter.com/nihdirector/ status/993906139036356608. Accessed December 20, 2018.
Loos RJF, Janssens A. Predicting polygenic obesity using genet-ic information. Cell Metab. 2017; 25(3): 535-543. doi: 10.1016/j. cmet.2017.02.013
Petrak K. Precision medicine and site-specific drug delivery. Archives in Cancer Research. 2015; 3(3): 1-4. doi: 10.21767/2254- 6081.100026
Petrak K. The difference between targeted drug therapies and targeted-drug therapies. J Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics. 2018; 1(10024): 1-3. doi: 10.31579/2640-1053/032
National Cancer Institute (NCI). targeted therapy. https:// www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/ targeted-therapy. Accessed December 22, 2022.
National Cancer Institute (NCI). drug. https://www.cancer. gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/drug. Accessed December 22, 2022.
National Cancer Institute (NCI). cell. https://www.cancer. gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/cell. Accessed December 22, 2022.
National Cancer Institute (NCI). chemotherapy. https:// www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/ chemotherapy. Accessed December 22, 2022.
National Cancer Institute (NCI). radiation therapy. https:// www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/ radiation-therapy. Accessed December 22, 2022.
National Cancer Institute (NCI). monoclonal antibody https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/monoclonal-antibody. Accessed December 22, 2022.
Ladak SS, Chan VW, Easty T, Chagpar A. Right medication, right dose, right patient, right time, and right route: How do we select the right patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) device? Pain Manag Nurs. 2007; 8(4): 140-145. doi: 10.1016/j.pmn.2007.08.001
Renner A, Burotto M, Rojas C. Immune checkpoint inhibitor dosing: Can we go lower without compromising clinical efficacy? J Glob Oncol. 2019; 5: 1-5. doi: 10.1200/JGO.19.00142
National Cancer Institute (NCI). T cell. https://www.can-cer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/t-cell. Ac-cessed December 22, 2022.
D’Alterio C, Scala S, Sozzi G, Roz L, Bertolini G. Paradoxical effects of chemotherapy on tumor relapse and metastasis promo-tion. Semin Cancer Biol. 2020; 60: 351-361. doi: 10.1016/j.semcan-cer.2019.08.019
Inno A, Lo RG, Salgarello M, et al. The evolving landscape Submit your article to this journal | https://openventio.org/submit-manuscript/ Perspective | Volume 8 | Number 1| Petrak K of criteria for evaluating tumor response in the era of cancer im-munotherapy: From Karnofsky to iRECIST. Tumori. 2018; 104(2): 88-95. doi: 10.1177/0300891618766173
Miller KD, Siegel RL, Lin CC, et al. Cancer treatment and sur-vivorship statistics, 2016. CA Cancer J Clin. 2016; 66(4): 271-289. doi: 10.3322/caac.21349
Burrell RA, Swanton C. Tumour heterogeneity and the evolu-tion of polyclonal drug resistance. Mal Oneal. 2014; 8(6): 1095- 1111. doi: 10.1016/j.molonc.2014.06.005
Easwaran H, Tsai HC, Baylin SB. Cancer epigenetics: Tumor heterogeneity, plasticity of stern-like states, and drug resistance. Mal Cell. 2014; 54(5): 716-727. doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2014.05.015
Magee JA, Piskounova E, Morrison SJ. Cancer stern cells: Im-pact, hetero geneity, and uncertainty. Cancer Cell. 2012; 21(3): 283- 296. doi: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.03.003
Sullivan JP, Minna JD, Shay JW. Evidence for self-renewing lung cancer stern cells and their implications in tumor initiation, progression, and targeted therapy. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2010; 29(1): 61-72. doi: 10.1007/s10555-010-9216-5
Visvader JE, Lindeman GJ. Cancer stern cells: Current status and evolving complexities. Cell Stern Cell. 2012; 10(6): 717-728. doi: 10.1016/j.stem.2012.05.007
Singh A, Settleman J. EMT, cancer stern cells and drug re-sistance: an emerging axis of evil in the war on cancer. Oncogene. 2010; 29(34): 4741-4751. doi: 10.1038/onc.2010.215
Shibue T, Weinberg RA, EMT, CSCs, and drug resistance: The mechanistic link and clinical implications. Nat Rev Clin Oneal. 2017; 14 (10): 611-629. doi: 10.1038/nrclinonc.2017.44
Ombrato L, Malanchi I. The EMT universe: Space between cancer cell dis semination and metastasis initiation. Crit Rev Oncog. 2014; 19(5): 349-361. doi: 10.1615/critrevoncog.2014011802
Jia D, Li L, Andrew S. An autocrine inflammatory forward-feedback loop after chemotherapy withdrawal facilitates the re-population of drug-resistant breast cancer cells. Cell Death Dis. 2017; 8(7): e2932. doi: 10.1038/cddis.2017.319
Kurtova AV, Xiao J, Mo Q, et al. Blocking PGE2-induced tumour repopulation abrogates bladder cancer chemoresistance. Nature. 2015; 517(7533): 209-213. doi: 10.1038/nature14034
Petrak K. A new paradigm for developing effective anti-can-cer therapeutics. Canc Therapy & Oncol Int J. 2017; 4(5): 555649. doi: 10.19080/CTOIJ.2017.04.555649
Petrak K. A challenge to artificial intelligence: Find molecular structures uniquely and functionally connected to the initiation and progression of diseases. Acta Scientific Cancer Biology. 2020; 4(2): 3-6. doi: 10.31080/ASCB.2020.04.0196
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
All content published in Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine (CSMM) is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). This license allows anyone to copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt the work — including for commercial purposes — provided appropriate credit is given to the original author(s) and source.